Items tagged “cases”
5,525 results found
Article
Mucoid change
Mucoid change or mucoid degeneration refers to the irreversible tissue degeneration due to the accumulation of mucin within the fibers of tendons, ligaments, and fibrocartilage.
Epidemiology
The likelihood of mucoid change within ligaments and tendons increases with age 1.
Risk factors
Pre...
Article
Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis
The atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis (OARSI atlas) are publications about radiographic features of osteoarthritis in different joints. They provide a grading scheme for those features illustrated by imaging examples 1,2.
The original and revised version of the OARSI a...
Article
Minamata disease
Minamata disease is a neurologic condition caused by organic mercury poisoning.
Epidemiology
It is usually caused by the ingestion of methylmercury-contaminated seafood 1.
Clinical presentation
Typical neurological findings in Minamata disease include:
sensory disturbances
tunnel vision
h...
Article
Synovium
The synovium (plural: synoviums, not synovia) or synovial membrane is a soft tissue lining of joints bursae and tendon sheaths and seems to be responsible for the secretion and absorption of synovial fluid components, whereby the synovial fluid arises from leakage of the intimal capillaries 1-4....
Article
Synovial hyperplasia
Synovial hyperplasia refers to an increase in the cellularity of the synovial membrane and leads to synovial thickening, which is a common radiographic feature in the setting of synovitis.
Clinical presentation
Synovial hyperplasia manifests as swelling.
Pathology
Synovial hyperplasia is cha...
Article
Thebesian valve
The Thebesian valve, also known as the valve of the coronary sinus, is a fold in the right atrium at the opening of the coronary sinus 1.
The valve can create difficulties and interfere with the cannulation of the coronary sinus during cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) 1.
Gross anatomy
...
Article
Venous lacunae (skull)
Venous lacunae, also known as venous lakes, are enlarged venous spaces within the skull, most often in the parasagittal region. They are normal variants and their primary importance is that they may mimic lytic lesions.
Gross anatomy
Venous lacunae are the result of focal venous dilatations ...
Article
Endopelvic fascia
The endopelvic fascia is the enveloping connective tissue network for the pelvic viscera, suspending, supporting and fusing the pelvic organs to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis, which itself inserts onto the pelvic sidewalls and pubic bones.
The major anterior component is the pubovesical li...
Article
Arthrocentesis
Arthrocentesis or joint aspiration is an interventional procedure done for the collection of synovial fluid.
History
The existence of liquid inside joints was first mentioned in the Corpus Hippocraticum, later in the 16th century, Paracelsus coined the name “synovia” for synovial fluid.
Indic...
Article
Dorsal double plate fixation
Dorsal double plate fixation is an open reduction internal fixation technique used for articular distal radius fractures with impacted articular fragments and/or displaced dorsoulnar fragments.
The distal radius is stabilized via a dorsal approach at two separate points.
Complications
Complic...
Article
Lumbar foraminal stenosis
Lumbar foraminal stenosis or lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis is described as narrowing of the neural exit foramina. The patency of the neural exit foramina is assessed as part of the routine evaluation of lumbar MRI studies to determine what impact, if any, the surrounding structures have on the ...
Article
Centrilobular micronodules
Centrilobular micronodules are an image descriptor that refers to centrilobular nodules when the nodules are very small and present in a centrilobular distribution in the lungs. They are usually seen with bronchiolitis and can blend into tree-in-bud opacities.
Radiographic features
CT
Postpr...
Article
Microfracture
Microfracture is a commonly performed cartilage repair or marrow stimulation method, which induces fibrocartilage growth by creating small microcracks into the subchondral bone.
History
First reports on mesenchymal stem cell stimulation date back to 1946 1. The microfracture technique, how it ...
Article
Osteochondral allograft transplantation
Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) is a tissue-based cartilage reconstruction or replacement method which can be also performed for chondral and osteochondral lesions of larger size.
History
Allograft replacement of osteochondral lesions was first described back in 1908 1.
Indicati...
Article
Bariatric embolization
Bariatric embolization is an interventional procedure performed with a view to inducing weight-loss in the treatment of obesity. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that the procedure is well tolerated and has a good safety profile. Early studies demonstrate a mild-moderate beneficial effect....
Article
Superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament
The superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament is a stabilizer of the longitudinal arch of the foot and one of three components of the spring ligament complex 1,2.
Gross anatomy
The superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament connects the sustentaculum tali with the superomedial part of the navicular...
Article
Inferoplantar longitudinal ligament
The inferoplantar longitudinal ligament is one of three components of the spring ligament complex, which stabilizes the longitudinal arch of the foot and supports the head of the talus 1,2.
Gross anatomy
The inferoplantar longitudinal ligament connects the lateral part of the coronoid fossa of...
Article
Medioplantar oblique ligament
The medioplantar oblique ligament is one of three components of the spring ligament complex, stabilizing the longitudinal arch of the foot 1,2.
Gross anatomy
The medioplantar oblique ligament connects the calcaneal coronoid fossa to the navicular bone and runs plantar in relation to the supero...
Article
Tubulation
Tubulation is the adult-type appearance of long bones with a diaphyseal narrowing or constriction that forms due to periosteal bone resorption and endosteal bone formation at the metaphysis during longitudinal bone growth at the physis.
Related pathology
Numerous diseases can affect tubulatio...
Article
Male infertility
Male infertility is the inability to conceive due to factors in the male partner.
Epidemiology
Precise numbers vary but generally, male factor is estimated to play a role in up to half of infertility cases 3.
Pathology
Causes of male infertility can be considered as:
pre-testicular, e.g. h...
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