Items tagged “cases”
5,501 results found
Article
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
The embryonal subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common variety of rhabdomyosarcoma, accounting for 50-70% of cases 1,2. It is typically seen in children below the age of 15.
Pathology
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas are further divided into three subtypes 1:
spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma
r...
Article
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas are a type of rhabdomyosarcoma and account for 20-40% of all rhabdomyosarcomas 1,2.
Epidemiology
Unlike embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, which are more common, these tumors occur in slightly older individuals, typically 10-25 years of age 1.
Pathology
Location
Althou...
Article
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of rhabdomyosarcoma, and is the least common, accounting for only 5% of all rhabdomyosarcomas. Unlike embryonal and alveolar types, these tumors occur in adults over the age of 40 years 1 and are difficult to distinguish from other pleomorphic sarcomas such...
Article
Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma
Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcomas are a subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, characterized by extensive anaplastic cells seen throughout the tumor 1.
Article
Rhombencephalosynapsis
Rhombencephalosynapsis is a congenital abnormality of the cerebellum characterized by the absence of the vermis and continuity of the cerebellar hemispheres, dentate nuclei, and superior cerebellar peduncles. It either occurs as an isolated anomaly (rare) or as part of a wider cerebral malformat...
Article
Cowden syndrome
Cowden syndrome, also known as multiple hamartoma syndrome, is characterized by multiple hamartomas throughout the body and increased risk of several cancers.
Terminology
Type 2 segmental Cowden syndrome is the association of Cowden syndrome with a Cowden nevus when it is considered a type of ...
Article
Lasjaunias classification of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations
The Lasjaunias classification, at the time of writing (mid 2016), is one of the two commonly used systems for classifying vein of Galen malformations. It relies on dividing the entity into choroidal or mural types, depending on the number and origin of feeding arteries.
Classification
choroid...
Article
Santorinicele
A santorinicele refers to a cystic dilatation of the end of the dorsal pancreatic duct (duct of Santorini) 1,2 and is believed to be analogous to a dilatation of the most distal common bile duct, which is commonly known as a choledochocele 3.
It usually occurs in association with pancreas divis...
Article
Testicular epidermoid cyst
Testicular epidermoid cysts, also known as keratocysts, are rare benign tumors.
Epidemiology
Testicular epidermoid cysts account for around 1-2% of all testicular masses and typically present in mid-adulthood (2nd to 4th decades) 1,2. They are the most common type of benign testicular neoplasm...
Article
Hepatoblastoma (staging)
As expected there are a number of different staging systems for hepatoblastoma.
Staging
PRETEXT grouping system of pediatric liver tumors
not specific to hepatoblastoma; used in all pediatric liver tumors
Intergroup staging system
specific for hepatoblastoma (see below)
Intergroup staging ...
Article
Rhizomelic dwarfism
Rhizomelic dwarfism is a type of dwarfism where the dominant feature is proximal (i.e. femoral and humeral) limb shortening.
Epidemiology
Associations
certain types of atelosteogenesis
diastrophic dysplasia
kyphomelic dysplasias
Pathology
Classification
The following conditions fall unde...
Article
Neonatal appendicitis
Neonatal appendicitis is rare, presumably in part due to the short funnel shape of the appendix at that age. Symptoms are non-specific and may mimic necrotizing enterocolitis.
Article
Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome
Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome, also known as total colonic aganglionosis, is a subset of Hirschsprung disease, in which the whole colon is aganglionic.
Epidemiology
It is uncommon and accounts for 2-13% of cases of Hirschsprung disease 3,7. Compared with Hirschsprung disease which has a marked male ...
Article
Rectosigmoid ratio
The rectosigmoid ratio is a measurement of the diameter of the rectum divided by that of the sigmoid colon during contrast enema. It is of particular use in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease.
Normal children have a rectum that is larger than the sigmoid (i.e. rectosigmoid ratio >1). In fact...
Article
Congenital heart disease chest x-ray (an approach)
With the advent of echocardiography, and cardiac CT and MRI, the role of chest x-rays in evaluating congenital heart disease has been largely relegated to one of historical and academic interest. However, they continue to crop up in radiology exams. In most instances a definite diagnosis cannot ...
Article
Pentalogy of Fallot
The pentalogy of Fallot is a variant of the more common tetralogy of Fallot, comprising the classic four features with the addition of an atrial septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus:
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
right ventricular outlfow tract narrowing or complete obstruction
right ...
Article
Pink tetralogy of Fallot
Pink tetralogy of Fallot refers to a tetralogy of Fallot in which the degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction is minimal, resulting no significant right to left shunt, and therefore no cyanosis. Symptoms are mild and presentation may be delayed, even into adulthood.
See also
tetralogy ...
Article
Potts shunt
A Potts shunt is a form of palliative surgery performed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to the ability to repair the defect. It consists of a shunt formed between the descending thoracic aorta and the left pulmonary artery.
This does not relieve the right ventricular outflow obstruct...
Article
Waterston shunt
A Waterston shunt is a form of palliative surgery performed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to the ability to repair the defect. It consists of a shunt formed between the ascending aorta and the right pulmonary artery.
This does not relieve the right ventricular outflow obstruction, ...
Article
Blalock-Taussig shunt
Blalock-Taussig shunt, also known as a BT shunt or Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt, is a palliative procedure designed to increase pulmonary arterial blood flow in patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (e.g. tetralogy of Fallot) or during initial staged repair of hypoplastic lef...