Items tagged “cases”
5,501 results found
Article
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a form of pulmonary aspergillosis seen in patients with decreased immunity. It comprises a number of entities that are discussed individually:
subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (previously known as chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (CNA) or semi-in...
Article
Phemister triad (tuberculosis)
The triad of Phemister refers to three radiographic features seen classically with tuberculous arthropathy 4:
juxta-articular osteopenia/osteoporosis
peripheral osseous erosions
gradual narrowing of joint space
History and etymology
Named after Dallas Burton Phemister (1882-1951), American ...
Article
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (previously known as chronic necrotizing aspergillosis or semi-invasive aspergillosis) is subacute to chronic localized and indolent form of invasive aspergillosis. It is also sometimes grouped under the term chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiolog...
Article
Pulmonary parenchymal bands
Parenchymal bands are a HRCT finding. They can be commonly encountered among patients with asbestosis.
They are typically over 2 cm in length (up to 5 cm), 1-3 mm thick and run through the lung parenchyma and usually extend from a visceral pleural surface 6. They are formed in a number of ways ...
Article
Nodular pleural thickening
Nodular pleural thickening is a form of pleural thickening.
Pathology
Etiology
Most common causes of nodular pleural thickening are malignant and include:
metastatic pleural disease, particularly from adenocarcinomas, e.g.
bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
breast cancer
ovarian cancer
prostate...
Article
Madelung dyschondrosteosis
Madelung dyschondrosteosis refers to a dysplasia associated with a Madelung deformity 1,2.
Pathology
It is a form of mesomelic dwarfism, especially if the condition is bilateral or there is a family history of short stature.
Associations
Leri-Weill syndrome
Radiographic features
Has radio...
Article
Anterior bronchus sign
The anterior bronchus sign refers to the appearance of the anterior segmental bronchus of the upper lobes as seen on a frontal chest radiograph.
Gross anatomy
The anterior segment bronchus of the upper lobes courses anteriorly and laterally. When the orientation is predominantly anteriorly the...
Article
High attenuation lymphadenopathy
High attenuation lymphadenopathy or adenopathy variably refers to abnormal lymph nodes with attenuation on CT usually higher compared to muscle, either on a noncontrast exam or following contrast administration (i.e. hyperenhancement) 5.
Differential diagnosis
High attenuation nodes may be due...
Article
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bacillary angiomatosis is an infective complication in those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 3. Amongst other widespread multi-organ manifestations, the infection causes skin lesions which can be similar to those of Kaposi sarcoma.
Pathology
Characterized by a non-neoplastic...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Pathology
There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis.
Pathology
Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
Article
Reid index
Reid index is a pathological measurement of mucosal gland proliferation in chronic bronchitis. It is assessed by comparing the thickness of the mucous glandular tissue versus the distance from epithelium to the level of cartilage.
An index of < 0.4 is considered to be within normal limits.
Article
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Charcot-Leyden crystals consist of collections of bipyramidal crystalloid made up of eosinophilic membrane proteins, which occur in:
asthma
other eosinophilic lung disease 2
certain cases of sinusitis (e.g. allergic fungal sinusitis)
They may be detected in the sputum or sinus secretions wi...
Article
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNET) tend to be large and aggressive retroperitoneal tumors.
Radiographic features
The imaging characteristics of peripheral PNETs are non-specific. However, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a large, aggressive retroperi...
Article
Reporting tips for aortic aneurysms
When issuing an MRI or CT report on a patient with an aortic aneurysm, whether it be thoracic or abdominal, a number of features should be mentioned to aid the referring clinician in managing the patient.
Reporting tips for aortic aneurysms include 1,2:
size and shape
sac dimensions (outer su...
Article
Causes of ascending aorta calcification
There are relatively few causes of calcification of the ascending aorta 1-3:
atherosclerosis (this usually spares the ascending aorta)
aortitis
syphilis
Takayasu arteritis
idiopathic
See also
porcelain aorta
Article
Heel pad sign
Increased heel pad thickness, also known as the heel pad sign, is seen in a number of conditions and relates to an increase in the soft-tissue thickness of the heel pad on lateral ankle radiographs.
The heel pad should normally be <25 mm 1,2. However, in certain pathological situations, this ...
Article
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis (plural: osteochondroses) is the descriptive term given to a group of disorders that affect the progress of bone growth by bone necrosis. It is only seen in children and adolescents who are still growing.
The commoner examples include:
Freiberg disease
Kienböck disease
Köhler...
Article
Gracile bones (mnemonic)
The causes of gracile bones can be recalled with the following mnemonic:
NIMROD
Mnemonic
NIMROD
N: neurofibromatosis
I: immobilization/paralysis
M: muscular dystrophy, e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
R: rheumatoid arthritis (juvenile RA)
O: osteogenesis imperfecta
D: dysplasia, e.g. Ma...
Article
Cobweb sign of arterial dissection
The cobweb sign is seen in cases of arterial dissection (usually aortic dissection) on CT angiogram (CTA) examinations and represents strands or ribbons of media crossing the false lumen, and appearing as thin filiform filling defects.
Although it is a specific sign for the false lumen, it is i...