Items tagged “cases”
5,501 results found
Article
Beak sign (arterial dissection)
The beak sign of arterial dissection is the acute angle formed at the edge of the false lumen in aortic dissection in axial cross-section. It is formed by the borders of the outer aortic wall and the intimal flap, and may be partially thrombosed (blunted beak). It is a reliable characteristic th...
Article
Non-lymphomatous pulmonary lymphoid disorders
There are several non-lymphomatous lymphoid disorders that can affect the lung. This implies that they consist of lymphoid tissue but may not have progressed as far as an overt lymphoma. They include:
Castleman disease
plasma-cell granuloma
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
angioimmunoblast...
Article
Anterior vertebral body beaking
Anterior vertebral body beaking occurs in a number of conditions and may emanate from the central portion or the lower third of the vertebral body.
Middle third
Morquio syndrome 1 (middle for Morquio)
Lower third
Hurler syndrome 2
achondroplasia 3
congenital hypothyroidism (formerly, creti...
Article
Fish vertebra
Fish vertebra, also known as codfish vertebra, describes the biconcave appearance of vertebrae (especially lumbar vertebrae).
Pathology
Etiology
bone mineral density disorders
osteoporosis
osteomalacia 6
renal osteodystrophy
osteogenesis imperfecta
anemias
sic...
Article
Eponymous fractures
There are numerous eponymous fractures which are named after the people who first described their existence (but see Stigler's law of eponymy) 1:
Regional List
Facial/Skull
Le Fort facial fractures
Vertebral
Chance fracture
clay-shoveler fracture: 7th cervical spinous process
hangman frac...
Article
Epiphyseal equivalent
An epiphyseal equivalent refers to bones that are considered similar to the epiphyses and therefore have a similar list of diseases that cause pathology.
Examples include:
patella
calcaneum
carpal bones
greater and lesser trochanters
most apophysis
See also
epiphyseal tumors
Article
Diaphyseal lesions
Diaphyseal lesions are found centered in the diaphysis, the central tubular segment of long bones.
Differential diagnosis
simple bone cyst
fibrous dysplasia
enchondroma
metastases
myeloma / plasmacytoma
lymphoma
osteomyelitis
osteoid osteoma
round cell tumor, e.g. Ewing sarcoma (child...
Article
Left paramediastinal catheter position (differential)
When a central venous catheter that is supposed to terminate in the superior vena cava or right atrium is abnormally located to the left of the mediastinum and below the level of the brachiocephalic vein, a limited differential of left paramediastinal catheter position should be considered 1:
l...
Article
Bosworth fracture
The term Bosworth fracture is no longer used. However, it was classically used to refer to a fracture-dislocation of the ankle in which there was fracture of the fibula and posterior dislocation of the talus.
History and etymology
Named after David M Bosworth (1897-1979), orthopedic surgeon fr...
Article
Goyrand fracture
Goyrand fracture is another name for a Smith fracture (reverse Barton fracture) and is predominantly used in France or French-influenced countries.
For a discussion of this fracture refer to the article on Smith fractures.
History and etymology
Named after Jean-Gaspard-Blaise Goyrand: French ...
Article
Fall onto an outstretched hand
Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is a common mechanism for traumatic disruption of the osseous and ligamentous structures of the wrist, forearm and elbow. Some commonly recognized patterns of injury include;
distal radial fractures
Colles fracture
Smith fracture
Barton fracture
Chauff...
Article
Named fractures
Named fractures are usually eponymous or occupational. The simplest way of spiting them up is by body area:
spinal fractures
facial fractures
upper extremity fractures
pelvic fractures
lower extremity fractures
Article
Shaggy heart border
The shaggy heart border is a descriptive term referring to an ill-definition of the cardiac silhouette on a chest radiograph. Due to its imprecise nature, some caution is advised against its use in radiological reports 4.
It usually implies pleural disease on the mediastinal interface 3 and may...
Article
MIBG
MIBG scan is a scintigraphic study that uses metaiodobenzylguanidine, norepinephrine analog 9, labeled to iodine-123 or iodine-131. It is indicated in the investigation of pheochromocytoma. I-131 MIBG, also called I-131 iobenguane, is a theranostic agent used to treat unresectable MIBG-positive ...
Article
Male breast cancer
Male breast cancer is exceptionally rare and only accounts for less than 0.25% of male malignancies and ~0.5-1% of all breast cancer (both genders). The diagnosis is sometimes delayed due to the patient's hesitancy to seek advice. Workup from a radiological point of view is the same as for women...
Article
Primary benign cardiac tumors
Primary benign cardiac tumors are much less common than secondary metastatic deposits. However, they are more likely when a cardiac mass is seen outside of the setting of terminal metastatic disease. Tumors include 1,2:
cardiac myxoma
most common in adults
accounts for ~50% of all pr...
Article
Attenuation coefficient
The attenuation coefficient is a measure of how much the incident energy beam (e.g. ultrasound or x-rays) is weakened by the material it is passing through.
Photon interactions
When a photon passes through a matter, it can either penetrate the matter without any interactions (penetration), be ...
Article
Metastases to testis
Metastases to testis are a very rare cause of a testicular mass and may be bilateral in up to 15% of patients.
Epidemiology
Metastases to the testes are apparent in ~0.04% of autopsy studies in patients with known malignancy. The average age is 57 years, much older than the primary age for pr...
Article
Ultrasound evaluation of breast cysts
Ultrasound evaluation of breast cysts is the modality of choice. Obstruction of the ducts, often appearing as the result of epithelial hyperplastic processes or stromal fibrosis, or both processes lead to the formation of cysts, disabling the drainage of the terminal ducts of the lobules.
In al...
Article
Thymic cyst
Thymic cysts are cysts that occur within or arise from the thymus.
Epidemiology
Thymic cysts are uncommon lesions, estimated to account for approximately 1-3% of all anterior mediastinal masses 4. However, they are reported to be the second most common type of primary mediastinal cyst 7.
Ass...