Items tagged “cases”

5,501 results found
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Beak sign (arterial dissection)

The beak sign of arterial dissection is the acute angle formed at the edge of the false lumen in aortic dissection in axial cross-section. It is formed by the borders of the outer aortic wall and the intimal flap, and may be partially thrombosed (blunted beak). It is a reliable characteristic th...
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Non-lymphomatous pulmonary lymphoid disorders

There are several non-lymphomatous lymphoid disorders that can affect the lung. This implies that they consist of lymphoid tissue but may not have progressed as far as an overt lymphoma. They include: Castleman disease plasma-cell granuloma lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia angioimmunoblast...
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Anterior vertebral body beaking

Anterior vertebral body beaking occurs in a number of conditions and may emanate from the central portion or the lower third of the vertebral body. Middle third Morquio syndrome 1 (middle for Morquio) Lower third Hurler syndrome 2 achondroplasia 3 congenital hypothyroidism (formerly, creti...
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Fish vertebra

Fish vertebra, also known as codfish vertebra, describes the biconcave appearance of vertebrae (especially lumbar vertebrae). Pathology Etiology bone mineral density disorders osteoporosis osteomalacia 6 renal osteodystrophy osteogenesis imperfecta anemias sic...
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Eponymous fractures

There are numerous eponymous fractures which are named after the people who first described their existence (but see Stigler's law of eponymy) 1: Regional List Facial/Skull Le Fort facial fractures Vertebral Chance fracture clay-shoveler fracture: 7th cervical spinous process hangman frac...
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Epiphyseal equivalent

An epiphyseal equivalent refers to bones that are considered similar to the epiphyses and therefore have a similar list of diseases that cause pathology. Examples include: patella calcaneum carpal bones greater and lesser trochanters most apophysis See also epiphyseal tumors
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Diaphyseal lesions

Diaphyseal lesions are found centered in the diaphysis, the central tubular segment of long bones.  Differential diagnosis simple bone cyst fibrous dysplasia enchondroma metastases myeloma / plasmacytoma lymphoma osteomyelitis osteoid osteoma round cell tumor, e.g. Ewing sarcoma (child...
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Left paramediastinal catheter position (differential)

When a central venous catheter that is supposed to terminate in the superior vena cava or right atrium is abnormally located to the left of the mediastinum and below the level of the brachiocephalic vein, a limited differential of left paramediastinal catheter position should be considered 1: l...
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Bosworth fracture

The term Bosworth fracture is no longer used. However, it was classically used to refer to a fracture-dislocation of the ankle in which there was fracture of the fibula and posterior dislocation of the talus. History and etymology Named after David M Bosworth (1897-1979), orthopedic surgeon fr...
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Goyrand fracture

Goyrand fracture is another name for a Smith fracture (reverse Barton fracture) and is predominantly used in France or French-influenced countries. For a discussion of this fracture refer to the article on Smith fractures. History and etymology Named after Jean-Gaspard-Blaise Goyrand: French ...
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Fall onto an outstretched hand

Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is a common mechanism for traumatic disruption of the osseous and ligamentous structures of the wrist, forearm and elbow. Some commonly recognized patterns of injury include; distal radial fractures Colles fracture Smith fracture Barton fracture Chauff...
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Named fractures

Named fractures are usually eponymous or occupational. The simplest way of spiting them up is by body area: spinal fractures facial fractures upper extremity fractures pelvic fractures lower extremity fractures
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Shaggy heart border

The shaggy heart border is a descriptive term referring to an ill-definition of the cardiac silhouette on a chest radiograph. Due to its imprecise nature, some caution is advised against its use in radiological reports 4. It usually implies pleural disease on the mediastinal interface 3 and may...
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MIBG

MIBG scan is a scintigraphic study that uses metaiodobenzylguanidine, norepinephrine analog 9, labeled to iodine-123 or iodine-131. It is indicated in the investigation of pheochromocytoma. I-131 MIBG, also called I-131 iobenguane, is a theranostic agent used to treat unresectable MIBG-positive ...
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Male breast cancer

Male breast cancer is exceptionally rare and only accounts for less than 0.25% of male malignancies and ~0.5-1% of all breast cancer (both genders). The diagnosis is sometimes delayed due to the patient's hesitancy to seek advice. Workup from a radiological point of view is the same as for women...
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Primary benign cardiac tumors

Primary benign cardiac tumors are much less common than secondary metastatic deposits. However, they are more likely when a cardiac mass is seen outside of the setting of terminal metastatic disease. Tumors include 1,2: cardiac myxoma most common in adults accounts for ~50% of all pr...
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Attenuation coefficient

The attenuation coefficient is a measure of how much the incident energy beam (e.g. ultrasound or x-rays) is weakened by the material it is passing through. Photon interactions When a photon passes through a matter, it can either penetrate the matter without any interactions (penetration), be ...
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Metastases to testis

Metastases to testis are a very rare cause of a testicular mass and may be bilateral in up to 15% of patients.  Epidemiology Metastases to the testes are apparent in ~0.04% of autopsy studies in patients with known malignancy. The average age is 57 years, much older than the primary age for pr...
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Ultrasound evaluation of breast cysts

Ultrasound evaluation of breast cysts is the modality of choice. Obstruction of the ducts, often appearing as the result of epithelial hyperplastic processes or stromal fibrosis, or both processes lead to the formation of cysts, disabling the drainage of the terminal ducts of the lobules. In al...
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Thymic cyst

Thymic cysts are cysts that occur within or arise from the thymus. Epidemiology Thymic cysts are uncommon lesions, estimated to account for approximately 1-3% of all anterior mediastinal masses 4. However, they are reported to be the second most common type of primary mediastinal cyst 7.  Ass...

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