Items tagged “cases”
5,501 results found
Article
Achilles tendon thickening
Achilles tendon thickening can occur for a number of reasons. The Achilles tendon has an average AP diameter of 6 mm 1. Thickening of the tendon is when it exceeds 8 mm in AP diameter and can result from:
Achilles tendinosis/tear
post-surgical thickening
retrocalcaneal bursitis
...
Article
Hereditary renal cancer syndromes
Despite the vast majority of renal cancers being sporadic, there are a number of hereditary renal cancer syndromes:
von Hippel Lindau syndrome: predominantly clear cell type
tuberous sclerosis: predominantly clear cell type (also associated with angiomyolipoma)
hereditary paraganglioma-pheoch...
Article
Collet-Sicard syndrome
Collet-Sicard syndrome, also known as condylar jugular syndrome, is a constellation of cranial nerve palsies due to neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions at the jugular foramen 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Vernet syndrome, consisting of motor paralysis of
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus ne...
Article
Vernet syndrome
Vernet syndrome, also known as jugular foramen syndrome, is a constellation of cranial nerve palsies due to compression from a jugular foramen lesion, such as a jugular paraganglioma, schwannoma, or metastasis 2.
Clinical presentation
It consists of motor paralysis of:
glossopharyngeal nerve ...
Article
Hepatic arterial resistive index
The resistive index (RI) is the most common Doppler parameter used for hepatic arterial evaluation. The usual range in normal, as well as post-transplant individuals, is between 0.55 and 0.8.
It is measured by:
Resistive index (RI) = (peak systolic velocity - end-diastolic velocity)/peak systo...
Article
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare relatively low grade vascular tumor. It occurs around medium to large venous structures.
Pathology
It consists of rounded or slightly spindle-shaped eosinophilic endothelial (epithelioid) cells with rounded nuclei and prominent cytoplasmic vacuo...
Article
Abnormally eccentric gestational sac
An eccentrically-located gestational sac towards the fundus of the uterus is the normal sonographic appearance, however, an abnormally eccentric gestational sac on ultrasound may be apparent due to a number of causes:
interstitial ectopic pregnancy 1
normally implanted pregnancy in a
bicornu...
Article
Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the gallbladder
The gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts play host to a surprisingly large number of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions which may be visible on imaging. In the gallbladder, most of them are detected incidentally, whereas in the bile ducts they are usually found in symptomatic patients (obst...
Article
Scleroderma (hepatobiliary manifestations)
Hepatobiliary manifestations of scleroderma are only present symptomatically in a minority of patients. Around 2.5% of patients with scleroderma develop clinically significant primary biliary cholangitis, however, antibody studies suggest that subclinical disease may be present in as many as 15%...
Article
Reticuloendothelial system
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) comprises a number of tissues:
spleen
bone marrow
liver Kupffer cells
Article
Hemosiderosis
Hemosiderosis (plural: haemosideroses) is a general term referring to the accumulation of hemosiderin, which particularly occurs in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and does not cause organ damage.
Pathology
Some causes include:
frequent transfusions
mainly depositional siderosis in reti...
Article
Delayed myocardial enhancement on MRI (differential)
Delayed myocardial enhancement can occur in cardiac MR assessment due to a number of causes.
They include:
myocardial ischemia: typically subendocardial and follows a vascular territory 1
non-ischemic cardiomyopathies
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
arrhythm...
Article
Metachondromatosis
Metachondromatosis refers to the rare combination of:
multiple enchondromatosis (Ollier disease) and
osteochondromatosis (diaphyseal aclasis)
In contrast to enchondromatosis alone, metachondromatosis carries an autosomal dominant inheritance.
In contrast to osteochondromatosis, the lesions ...
Article
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a modified pulmonary or cardiopulmonary bypass technique in those with severe cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional ventilatory support and medical intervention 1,3. There are two access paths for extracorporeal life s...
Article
Ulnar impingement syndrome
Ulnar impingement syndrome is a wrist condition caused by a shortened distal ulna impinging on the distal radius proximal to the sigmoid notch. The syndrome is distinct from ulnar impaction syndrome, which typically occurs due to a long ulna (positive ulnar variance) impacting upon the triangula...
Article
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome refers to wrist pain due to a long ulnar styloid process impacting upon the triquetral bone.
Pathology
An ulnar styloid >6 mm in length is commonly regarded as being long. Impaction results in chondromalacia of the opposing articular surfaces, i.e. the proximal...
Article
Ureteral tumors
A number of tumors may affect the ureter, by far the most common histology being transitional cell carcinoma.
transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter: 95% 1
squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter: 5%
adenocarcinoma of the ureter: <1%
Article
Faceless kidney
A faceless kidney refers to one in which the normal appearance of the renal sinus on cross-sectional imaging is absent. It was initially described as a sign of duplication of the collecting system 1 (a slice obtained between the two collecting systems will not demonstrate the normal components o...
Article
Perirenal lymphocele
Perirenal lymphoceles are the most common cause of perinephric fluid collection. They can potentially occur in a post-transplant situation in up to 25% of cases.
Clinical presentation
Perirenal lymphocele is usually asymptomatic but they can be large enough to cause hydronephrosis or venous ob...
Article
Rasmussen aneurysm
Rasmussen aneurysm is an uncommon complication of pulmonary tuberculosis and represents a pulmonary artery aneurysm adjacent or within a tuberculous cavity.
It is not to be confused with Rasmussen encephalitis.
Epidemiology
It can be present in up to 5% of patients with chronic cavitary tuber...