Items tagged “cases”
5,504 results found
Article
Eosinophilic lung disease
Eosinophilic lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by excess infiltration of eosinophils within the lung interstitium and alveoli and are broadly divided into three main groups 1:
idiopathic: unknown causes
secondary: known causes
eosinophilic vasculitis:...
Article
Epidermolysis bullosa
Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a rare group of genetically determined conditions characterized by blistering of the skin. This can be limited to the soles and palms or extensive whole body involvement. Mutations in more than 20 different genes have been reported that contribute to the disease's...
Article
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation is characterized by a fracture of the radial head, dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and rupture of the antebrachial interosseous membrane 3.
Epidemiology
As little as 20% of Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocations are recognized at the time of initial...
Article
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Eustachian tube dysfunction, also known as pharyngotympanic tube or auditory tube dysfunction, refers to the failure of the Eustachian tube to open or close properly. Therefore, it encompasses a spectrum from patulous to obstructive pathophysiology. Eustachian tube dysfunction predisposes to chr...
Article
External petrosal nerve
The external petrosal nerve is one of the three branches from the geniculate ganglion. It carries sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus surrounding the middle meningeal artery, coursing extradurally laterally to the greater and lesser petrosal nerves on the petrous ridge's anterior surf...
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Extramural air cell
An extramural air cell is one that is not contained within its named parent bone. So, the infraorbital ethmoidal air cells that lie within the maxilla rather than the ethmoidal bone are an example of extramural air cells.
Article
Eye of the tiger sign (globus pallidus)
The eye of the tiger sign refers to symmetric bilateral abnormal low signal on T2-weighted MRI (due to abnormal accumulation of iron) in the globus pallidus with central high signal (due to gliosis and spongiosis).
The eye of the tiger sign is most classically associated with pantothenate kinas...
Article
Facet joint injection
Facet (zygapophyseal) joint injections are performed primarily for the diagnosis and differentiation of facet syndrome and radicular pain syndrome, and are one of the spinal interventional procedures. They can be performed under fluoroscopic, or CT image guidance, and cervical, thoracic or most ...
Article
Facial colliculus
The facial colliculus is an elevation on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is not formed by the facial nucleus, but by the fibers of the facial nerve arching backward around the abducens nucleus before turning forwards once more in the caudal pons.
Related pathology
A lesion involving the ...
Article
Facial nerve choristoma
Facial nerve choristomas are rare, being characterized by non-neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue. Facial nerve choristomas presumably can occur anywhere along the course of the facial nerve (CN VII), although the only cases reported are in the internal acoustic me...
Article
Venous vascular malformation of the facial nerve
Venous vascular malformations of the facial nerve, previously known as facial nerve hemangiomas, are rare benign vascular malformations of the facial nerve usually presenting as a facial nerve palsy, which can be rapid in onset mimicking a Bell palsy.
Terminology
As they do not appear to have...
Article
Fallopian tube
The fallopian tube (TA: tuba uterina 8), also known as the uterine tube or, less commonly, the oviduct, is a paired hollow tube that bridges the ovary and uterus and functions to convey the mature ovum from the former to the latter. If conception occurs, it usually does so within the tube, which...
Article
Fatty nodal metaplasia
Fatty nodal metaplasia in the neck occurs as a result of chronic inflammation or radiotherapy 3. The normal fatty nodal hilum enlarges, such that the lymph node appears cystic. However, its center is of fatty density. There is no surrounding stranding, and the node otherwise looks normal.
Diffe...
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Fishhook ureters
Fishhook ureters, also known as J-shaped ureters or hockey stick ureters describe the appearance of the distal ureter in patients with significant benign prostatic hypertrophy. It has also been used to describe the appearance of a retrocaval ureter in type 1 or low loop variety. As the right ure...
Article
Funnel trachea
Funnel trachea is a colloquialism for a congenital long-segment intrathoracic tracheal stenosis.
The diameter of the trachea immediately below the cricoid is normal, and becomes progressively more stenotic caudally. The posterior, membranous portion of the trachea may be partially or completel...
Article
Gardner syndrome
Gardner syndrome is one of the polyposis syndromes. It is characterized by:
familial adenopolyposis
multiple osteomas: especially of the mandible, skull, and long bones
epidermal cysts
fibromatoses
desmoid tumors of mesentery and anterior abdominal wall
Other abnormalities include:
supern...
Article
Serous atrophy of bone marrow
Serous atrophy of bone marrow is a non-neoplastic bone marrow disorder that occurs with chronic illness and poor nutritional status. It is characterized by atrophy of the fatty marrow and loss of hematopoietic cells, replaced by an accumulation of extracellular mucinous substances.
Terminology
...
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Geniculate ganglion
The geniculate or genicular ganglion contains fibers for taste and somatic sensation and is located in the petrous temporal bone.
Gross anatomy
It is located at the first genu of the facial nerve at the anterior most part of the Fallopian canal at the junction between the labyrinthine and tym...
Article
Germinoma
Germinoma is a term that if unqualified, usually refers to a tumor of the brain but can also refer to similar tumors of other regions particularly the ovary and testis.
dysgerminoma of the ovary
seminoma of the testis
CNS germinoma: see WHO classification of CNS tumors
All t...
Article
Gestational sac
The gestational sac is the first sign of early pregnancy on ultrasound and can be seen with endovaginal ultrasound at approximately 3-5 weeks gestation when the mean sac diameter (MSD) would approximately measure 2-3 mm in diameter.
A true gestational sac can be distinguished from a pseudogesta...