Items tagged “cerebellum”

10 results found
Article

Joubert syndrome

Joubert anomaly, also known as vermian aplasia or molar tooth midbrain-hindbrain malformation, is an autosomal recessive disorder where there is a variable degree of cerebellar vermal agenesis.  Terminology When associated with anomalies of the kidneys, liver and/or eyes the term Joubert syndr...
Article

Rhombencephalosynapsis

Rhombencephalosynapsis is a congenital abnormality of the cerebellum characterized by the absence of the vermis and continuity of the cerebellar hemispheres, dentate nuclei, and superior cerebellar peduncles. It either occurs as an isolated anomaly (rare) or as part of a wider cerebral malformat...
Article

Diffuse cerebellar atrophy

Diffuse atrophy of the cerebellum refers to a progressive and irreversible reduction in cerebellar volume. It is a relatively common finding and found in a wide variety of clinical scenarios.  Terminology Diffuse cerebellar atrophy can be difficult to distinguish from global cerebellar hypopla...
Article

Bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle lesions

Bilateral lesions of the middle cerebellar peduncles, resulting in the middle cerebellar peduncle sign, are uncommon and can be seen either in isolation (rare) or along with other regions of involvement. Despite their relative rarity, they have a fairly long list of potential causes (see below)...
Article

Cerebellar hemorrhage

Cerebellar hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and usually occur due to poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although other causes also exist. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see: cerebr...
Article

Superior medullary velum

The superior (or anterior) medullary velum is a thin layer of tissue that is suspended between the superior cerebellar peduncles forming the roof of the fourth ventricle along with the inferior medullary velum. It is enclosed by pia mater dorsally and ependyma ventrally. The lingula of the vermi...
Article

Cerebellar tonsils

The cerebellar tonsils are ovoid structures on the inferomedial surface of each cerebellar hemisphere. They are attached to the underlying cerebellum by the tonsillar peduncle 1-4. Gross Anatomy Relations medial: uvula of the vermis superior: flocculonodular lobe anterior: posterior surface...
Article

Middle cerebellar peduncle

The middle cerebellar peduncles, also known as the brachium pontis, are paired structures connecting the cerebellum to the pons. Gross anatomy The middle cerebellar peduncles contain afferent white matter projection fibers which originate in contralateral pontine nuclei. The corticopontocerebe...
Article

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

The inferior cerebellar peduncles are paired structures containing important white matter fiber tracts which connect the cerebellum to the medulla. Gross anatomy  The inferior cerebellar peduncles are composed of a large restiform body and a small juxtarestiform body. They contain the followi...
Article

Vermis

The vermis (pl: vermes) of the cerebellum is an unpaired medial structure that separates the cerebellar hemispheres. Its anatomy broadly follows that of the cerebellar hemispheres.  Gross anatomy The vermis is separated into a small anterior lobe and a much larger posterior lobe by the primary...

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