Items tagged “colon”

The descending colon is the continuation of the transverse colon after the left colic flexure, where the colon loses its mesentery.  Gross anatomy The descending colon measures up to 25 cm in length and is secondarily retroperitoneal. It descends down attached to the left posterior abdominal w...

The sigmoid colon is the continuation of the descending colon. Gross anatomy After the distal descending colon has curved medially it enters the pelvis, where it gains a mesentery and is then called the sigmoid colon. It measures approximately 15 cm in length.  It has a "S" (Greek letter sigm...

The rectum is the last part of the large intestine. It is located within the pelvis and is the continuation of the sigmoid colon after the rectosigmoid junction and continues as the anal canal at the anorectal angle created by puborectalis.  Gross anatomy At the level of the S3 vertebral body,...

Toxic megacolon is an acute complication that can be seen in both types of inflammatory bowel disease, and less commonly in infectious colitis and other types of colitis. It is due to fulminant colitis which causes loss of neurogenic tone of the colon leading to severe dilatation and increasing ...

Juvenile polyposis syndrome, also referred as familial juvenile polyposis, is one of the polyposis syndromes and consists of hundreds of juvenile polyps. Epidemiology Presentation in the second decade is most common 2. Clinical presentation Rectal bleeding, bowel obstruction and intussuscept...

Fibrosing colonopathy a condition characterized by progressive submucosal fibrosis, particularly of the proximal colon. It is associated with high dose lipase supplementation used to treat exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas, such as in treatment for cystic fibrosis. Epidemiology It is more...

The colonic transit study is an older technique to estimate colonic transit time.  Terminology Various names are used for this type of study including shapes study, colon motility test, Sitz marker study and Transit-Pelletsmethod, and variations thereof.  Indications In constipation, it can ...