Items tagged “community medicine”

The sensitivity of a test/investigation is defined as the ability of the test to identify true positive cases of the disease under question. Sensitive tests are useful for ruling out disease.  Calculation Sensitivity = true positives detected by test / total cases of the disease where total ca...

Specificity of a test/investigation is the ability of a test to be correctly negative (true negative) in persons without the disease in question. Calculation Specificity = true negatives detected by test / total cases without the disease where, total cases without the disease = true negative ...

Positive predictive value of a test/investigation is defined as the proportion of patients with positive results being truly diseased. Calculation Positive predictive value = true positives (TP) detected / total positive results (total positive results = true positive (TP) + false positive (F...

Negative predictive value of a test/investigation is defined as the proportion of patients with negative results being truly disease free. Calculation Negative predictive value = true negatives detected / total negative results (where "total negative results" = true negative + false negative)...

The p-value is defined as the probability in observing a value or effect equivalent to a value or effect observed when the null hypothesis is true. In other words, the p-value is based on the assumption that the null hypothesis is true By convention, p-value ≤0.05 is considered statistically si...