Items tagged “elbow”
42 results found
Article
Elbow ossification (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. These are essentially the same, apart from the terminal letter which represents the External or Lateral epicondyle.
Mnemonics
CRITOE
C: capitellum
R: radial head
I: internal epicondyle
T: trochlea
O: olecranon
E: external epicon...
Article
Medial epicondyle fracture
Medial epicondyle fractures represent almost all epicondyle fractures and occur when there is avulsion of the medial epicondyle. They are typically seen in children and can be challenging to identify. Failure to diagnose these injuries can lead to significant long term disability.
Epidemiology...
Article
Monteggia fracture-dislocation
Monteggia fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation of the radial head. The ulnar fracture is usually obvious, whereas the radial head dislocation can be overlooked, with potentially serious functional and medico-legal ramifications.
Mechanism
...
Article
Panner disease
Panner disease is osteonecrosis of the capitellum. It should be distinguished from osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow which also affects the capitellum.
Epidemiology
Panner disease is typically seen in children (5-10 years of age), although it is also seen in throwers due to repeated trau...
Article
Radial head fracture
Radial head fractures are, together with the radial neck fractures, relatively common injuries, especially in adults, although they can be occult on radiographs. Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fractures 5.
Epidemiology
Although fractures of the radial head are seen in all age...
Article
Sail sign (elbow)
The sail sign on an elbow radiograph, also known as the anterior fat pad sign, describes the elevation of the anterior fat pad to create a silhouette similar to a billowing spinnaker sail from a boat. It indicates the presence of an elbow joint effusion.
The anterior fat pad is usually conceale...
Article
Terrible triad of the elbow
The terrible triad of the elbow is a severe elbow fracture-dislocation pattern and is so-called because it has poor medium-to-long term outcome.
Epidemiology
The terrible triad primarily occurs in adults; the flexibility of ligaments in children make this constellation unlikely 4. In the uppe...
Article
Elbow dislocation
Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.
Epidemiology
Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4.
Associations
...
Article
Coronoid process fracture
Fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna are uncommon and often occur in association with elbow dislocation.
Pathology
Mechanism
Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the...
Article
Lateral epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is an overuse syndrome of the common extensor tendon and predominantly affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon.
Epidemiology
Lateral epicondylitis occurs with a frequency of 7 to 10 times that of medial epicondylitis. As with ...
Article
Radial head dislocation
Radial head dislocation occurs when the radial head is displaced from its normal articulation with the ulna and the humerus.
The dislocation may be acquired or congenital (see the separate article on congenital radial head dislocation). Additionally, radial head dislocation should be distinguis...
Article
Pulled elbow syndrome
Pulled elbow (also known as nursemaid's elbow) is a subluxation of the radial head into the annular ligament, which usually spontaneously or easily reduces and rarely demonstrates abnormal radiographic features. If the clinical presentation is atypical, pulled elbow should be distinguished from ...
Article
Elbow
The elbow is a complex synovial joint formed by the articulations of the humerus, the radius, and the ulna.
Gross anatomy
Articulations
The elbow joint is made up of three articulations 2,3:
radiohumeral: capitellum of the humerus with the radial head
ulnohumeral: trochlea of the humerus w...
Article
Flexion supracondylar fracture
Flexion supracondylar humeral fractures account for only 2-4% of all supracondylar fractures 1.
Epidemiology
Unlike the much more common extension supracondylar fracture which are seen in children, flexion fractures are seen in older (adult) patients.
Pathology
They are usually the result of...
Article
Epicondyle fracture (elbow)
Epicondyle fractures are common injuries in children. They represent 10% of all elbow fractures in children and usually occur in boys after a fall on an outstretched arm.
Medial epicondyle fractures comprise most of these injuries. They can usually be treated with splinting and early physiother...
Article
Anterior humeral line
The anterior humeral line is key to demonstrating normal elbow alignment and should be used whenever reading a pediatric elbow radiograph to exclude a subtle supracondylar fracture.
Measurement
A line drawn down the anterior surface of the humerus should intersect the middle third of the capit...
Article
Radiocapitellar line
The radiocapitellar line is one of the key lines used to assess alignment on the elbow radiograph. It is particularly useful in the pediatric setting.
Measurement
A line drawn down the neck of the radius should intersect the capitellum. It is important to ensure that you draw the line down the...
Article
Os supratrochleare dorsale
Os supratrochleare dorsale, also called os supratrochleare posterius is an accessory ossicle of the elbow located in the olecranon fossa of the humerus 1. It may become symptomatic due to trauma during elbow extension and as such may require surgical removal 2.
Differential diagnosis
osteochon...
Article
Olecranon foramen
An olecranon foramen, also known as septal aperture or supratrochlear foramen, is a common normal anatomical variant of the distal humerus.
Epidemiology
There is a wide variation of incidence, occurring between 5% to 50% of the population depending on ethnicity, being more common in individua...
Article
Congenital radial head dislocation
Congenital radial head dislocation is the most common congenital elbow abnormality. It can occur in isolation, or more commonly may be associated with other conditions or syndromes.
Epidemiology
Overall, congenital radial head dislocation is rare 2.
Clinical presentation
Congenital radial he...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.