Items tagged “emergency medicine”

153 results found
Article

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of acute lung injury and occurs as a result of a severe pulmonary injury that causes alveolar damage heterogeneously throughout the lung. It can either result from a direct pulmonary source or as a response to systemic injury. This is a disti...
Article

Renal angiomyolipoma

Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are a type of benign renal neoplasm encountered both sporadically and as part of a phakomatosis, most commonly tuberous sclerosis. They are considered one of a number of tumors with perivascular epithelioid cellular differentiation (PEComas) and are composed of vascul...
Article

Chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential)

Chronic bilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification. An exhaustive list of all possible causes of chronic bilateral airspace opacities is long, but a useful framework is as follows: inflammatory sarcoidosis granulomatosis with polyangi...
Article

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy, also known as intramural ectopic pregnancy, is an important type of ectopic pregnancy which occurs in the proximal portion of the fallopian tube that lies within the muscle wall of the uterus. This is type of ectopic is associated with higher risks of rupture and ...
Article

Intussusception

Intussusception occurs when one segment of the bowel is pulled into itself or a neighboring loop of the bowel by peristalsis. It is an important cause of an acute abdomen in children and merits timely ultrasound examination and reduction to preclude significant sequelae, including bowel necrosis...
Article

AAST kidney injury scale

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale, most recently updated in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for renal trauma. The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for viscera...
Article

Small bowel fold thickening (differential)

The differential diagnosis of small bowel fold thickening is broad. Diffuse fold thickening may be "regular and smooth" or "irregular and nodular". Regular, smooth generalized thickening edema congestive cardiac failure (CCF) hypoalbuminemia lymphatic obstruction angioneurotic edema infec...
Article

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage and denotes the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space. Epidemiology Patients tend to be older middle age, typically less than 60 years old 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of stroke and 5% of str...
Article

Subdural hemorrhage

Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma (SDH) is a collection of blood accumulating in the subdural space. Subdural hemorrhage can happen in any age group, is mainly due to head trauma and CT scans are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. Prognosis varies widely depending on the size and chronicity of...
Article

Endovascular aneurysm repair

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was first pioneered in the early 1990s. Since then, the technology of the devices has rapidly progressed, and EVAR is now widely used to treat thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The advantages of endovascular repair over open repair are that it is...
Article

Cerebral venous thrombosis

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) (plural: thromboses) refers to the occlusion of venous channels in the cranial cavity, including dural venous thrombosis, cortical vein thrombosis and deep cerebral vein thrombosis. They often co-exist and the clinical presentation among them is very similar and ...
Case

Gunshot wound to head

  Diagnosis certain
Frank Gaillard
Published 26 Nov 2008
62% complete
CT
Article

Renal vascular pedicle injury

Renal vascular pedicle injury  is a severe form of renal trauma, which if not recognized and treated expediently, can lead to the loss of the kidney.  Radiographic features CT Contrast enhanced CT is the Imaging modality of choice. On CT it is recognized as a non-enhancing kidney. Perirenal h...
Case

Croup - steeple sign

  Diagnosis almost certain
Michael Sargent
Published 22 Apr 2009
75% complete
X-ray
Article

Small bowel obstruction

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) accounts for 80% of all mechanical intestinal obstruction, and the remaining 20% results from a large bowel obstruction. It has a mortality rate of ~5%. Clinical presentation The classical presentation is cramping abdominal pain and abdominal distension with nause...
Article

Colonic diverticulitis

Colonic diverticulitis (plural: diverticulitides), is a complication of colonic diverticulosis, and one of the presentations of diverticular disease. Differentiating one from the other is critical since uncomplicated diverticulosis is mostly asymptomatic and acute diverticulitis is a potentially...
Article

Perforated appendix

A perforated appendix is one of the complications of acute appendicitis. When appendicitis is left untreated, necrosis (gangrene) of the appendiceal wall can occur and progress to a focal rupture. Epidemiology The rate of perforated appendix vary from 16% to 40%, with higher incidence in young...
Article

Sternoclavicular joint injury

Sternoclavicular joint injuries are uncommon and can vary from a mild joint capsule sprain to serious dislocation. This article is focussed on sternoclavicular joint dislocations.  Epidemiology Most cases result from indirect trauma 5, especially high-speed motor vehicle accidents. They can ra...
Article

Posterior dislocation of the hip

Posterior dislocations of the hip, although uncommon, are the most common direction of dislocation for this joint, outnumbering anterior dislocations 9:1. Pathology It most frequently occurs in the setting of significant trauma, given a large amount of force required. The most common scenario ...
Case

Lipohemarthrosis - shoulder

  Diagnosis certain
Frank Gaillard
Published 05 Nov 2009
90% complete
Annotated image X-ray

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