Items tagged “emergency medicine”
142 results found



Article
Renal angiomyolipoma
Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are a type of benign renal neoplasms encountered both sporadically and as part of a phakomatosis, most commonly tuberous sclerosis. They are considered one of a number of tumors with perivascular epithelioid cellular differentiation (PEComas) and are composed of vascu...
Article
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification. An exhaustive list of all possible causes of chronic bilateral airspace opacities is long, but a useful framework is as follows:
inflammatory
sarcoidosis
granulomatosis with polyangi...
Article
Interstitial ectopic pregnancy
Interstitial ectopic pregnancy, also known as intramural ectopic pregnancy, is an important type of ectopic pregnancy with higher risks of rupture and hemorrhage compared to usual tubal ectopic pregnancies.
Terminology
The term interstitial pregnancy is sometimes interchangeably used with cor...
Article
Intussusception
Intussusception occurs when one segment of bowel is pulled into itself or a neighboring loop of the bowel by peristalsis. It is an important cause of an acute abdomen in children and merits timely ultrasound examination and reduction to preclude significant sequelae including bowel necrosis. Whe...
Article
AAST kidney injury scale
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale, most recently updated in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for renal trauma.
The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for viscera...
Article
Small bowel folds (differential)
Regular, smooth generalized thickening
edema
congestive cardiac failure (CCF)
hypoalbuminemia
lymphatic obstruction
angioneurotic edema
infection
radiation
ischemia
hemorrhage
anticoagulation or bleeding diathesis
vasculitides
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura)
Buerger diseas...
Article
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage and denotes the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space.
Epidemiology
Patients tend to be older middle age, typically less than 60 years old 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of stroke and 5% of str...
Article
Subdural hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) (also commonly called a subdural hematoma) is a collection of blood accumulating in the subdural space, the potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater of the meninges around the brain. SDH can happen in any age group, is mainly due to head trauma and CT scans ...
Article
Endovascular aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was first pioneered in the early 1990s. Since then the technology of the devices has rapidly progressed and EVAR is now widely used as a treatment of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).
The advantages of endovascular repair over open repair are tha...
Article
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) refers to occlusion of venous channels in the cranial cavity, including dural venous thrombosis, cortical vein thrombosis and deep cerebral vein thrombosis. They often co-exist and the clinical presentation among them is very similar and nonspecific. Furthermore,...
Case
Gunshot wound to head

Diagnosis certain
Published 26 Nov 2008
62% complete
CT
Article
Renal vascular pedicle injury
Renal vascular pedicle injury is a severe form of renal trauma, which if not recognized and treated expediently with lead to the loss of the kidney.
Radiographic features
CT
Contrast enhanced CT is the Imaging modality of choice. On CT it is recognized as a non-enhaning kidney. Perirenal he...
Case
Croup - steeple sign

Diagnosis almost certain
Published 22 Apr 2009
75% complete
X-ray
Article
Small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) accounts for 80% of all mechanical intestinal obstruction, the remaining 20% results from a large bowel obstruction. It has a mortality rate of ~5%.
Clinical presentation
Classical presentation is cramping abdominal pain and abdominal distension with nausea and vo...
Article
Colonic diverticulitis
Colonic diverticulitis (plural diverticulitides), is a complication of colonic diverticulosis, and one of the presentations of diverticular disease. Differentiating one from the other is critical since uncomplicated diverticulosis is mostly asymptomatic and acute diverticulitis is a potentially ...
Article
Perforated appendix
A perforated appendix is one of the complications of acute appendicitis. When appendicitis is left untreated, necrosis (gangrene) of the appendiceal wall can occur and progress to a focal rupture.
Epidemiology
Perforation of the appendix is more common with advanced age, due to an increased fr...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint injury
Sternoclavicular joint injuries are uncommon and can vary from a mild joint capsule sprain to serious dislocation. This article is focused on sternoclavicular joint dislocations.
Epidemiology
Most cases result from indirect trauma 5, especially high-speed motor vehicle accidents. They can rar...
Article
Posterior dislocation of the hip
Posterior dislocations of the hip, although uncommon, are the most common direction of dislocation for this joint, outnumbering anterior dislocations 9:1.
Pathology
It most frequently occurs in the setting of significant trauma, given a large amount of force required. The most common scenario ...
Case
Lipohemarthrosis - shoulder

Diagnosis certain
Published 05 Nov 2009
90% complete
X-rayAnnotated image
Article
Rectal foreign bodies
Rectal foreign bodies are not uncommon in emergency departments around the world and potentially cause management difficulties.
Epidemiology
The incidence varies according to the region, said to be uncommon in Asia and most common in Eastern Europe 1. Typically patients are male with a wide ra...