Items tagged “emergencymedicine”
258 results found
Article
Annular fissure
Annular fissures, also known as annular tears, are a degenerative deficiency of one or more layers that make up the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc.
Terminology
Many authors prefer the term "annular fissure" over "annular tear", as the latter seems to imply acute injury 1,2. In th...
Article
Odontoid fracture
Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2.
Pathology
The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5.
Classification
There are two...
Article
Sigmoid volvulus
Sigmoid volvulus is a cause of large bowel obstruction and occurs when the sigmoid colon twists on its mesentery, the sigmoid mesocolon.
Epidemiology
Large bowel volvulus accounts for ~5% of all large bowel obstructions, with ~60% of intestinal volvulus involving the sigmoid colon 6. It is mor...
Case
Lipohemarthrosis
Published
23 Aug 2009
69% complete
X-ray
Annotated image
Article
Colovesical fistula
Colovesical fistulas are communications between the lumen of the colon and that of the bladder, either directly or via an intervening abscess cavity (foyer intermediaire). When the communication is between the rectum and urinary bladder, the term rectovesical fistula is used.
Epidemiology
The ...
Article
Shoulder dislocation
The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Case
Cerebral contusions - bifrontal
Published
09 Sep 2009
48% complete
CT
Article
Causes of pulseless electrical activity (mnemonic)
Pulseless electrical activity is a very disconcerting emergency medical scenario with very high mortality unless its etiology can be quickly ascertained and corrected. A mnemonic to remember the different causes of pulseless electrical activity is:
MAD (triple H) CAT
Mnemonic
M: massive pulmo...
Article
Marchiafava-Bignami disease
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare CNS disorder usually seen in the context of alcoholism and malnutrition. The condition classically involves necrosis and demyelination of the corpus callosum.
Epidemiology
Marchiafava-Bignami disease is in most instances seen in chronic alcoholics, ...
Case
Lipohemarthrosis
Published
05 Nov 2009
72% complete
X-ray
Case
Patellar tendon rupture
Published
05 Nov 2009
75% complete
X-ray
Case
Osteomyelitis of femur
Published
10 Nov 2009
71% complete
CT
Case
Calcified oil cyst
Published
12 Nov 2009
50% complete
Mammography
Case
Biloma
Published
02 Dec 2009
62% complete
CT
Article
Maisonneuve fracture
Maisonneuve fracture refers to a combination of a fracture of the proximal fibula together with an unstable ankle injury (widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray), often comprising ligamentous injury (distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, deltoid ligament) and/or fracture of the medial malleolus. It i...
Article
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula is a congenital pathological communication between the trachea and esophagus.
Epidemiology
Tracheo-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia have a combined incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 live births 1-3,5. There is only a minimal hereditary/geneti...
Article
Childhood malignancies
Unfortunately the pediatric population is susceptible to malignancies. The most common entities, in overall order of frequency, are 1-4:
leukemia/lymphoma: ~35% *
acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 23%
Hodgkin disease: 5%
acute myelogenous leukemia: 4%
central nervous system malignancies: ~20%
...
Article
Aspergilloma
Aspergillomas are mass-like fungus balls (mycetomas) typically composed of Aspergillus fumigatus and are a non-invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis. They usually fall under the subgroup chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiology
Aspergillomas occur in patients with normal immunity but s...
Article
Freiberg disease
Freiberg disease, also known as Freiberg infraction, is osteochondrosis of the metatarsal heads. It commonly affects the 2nd or 3rdmetatarsal head (in ~2/3 and ~1/4 of all cases, respectively) or rarely, the 4th or 5th metatarsal head 13. It can be bilateral in up to 10% of cases.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Consolidation
Consolidation describes increased lung attenuation sufficient to obscure bronchial walls and blood vessels (on non-enhanced CT). Patent airways can be identified by the endoluminal gas as an air bronchogram. Consolidation can be caused by any process that evacuates alveolar air such as pneumonia...