Items tagged “endocrine”

Allgrove syndrome (also known as triple A syndrome) is an autosomal recessive condition that consists of three main findings: achalasia alacrima ACTH insensitivity

Paraduodenal pancreatitis is an uncommon type of focal chronic pancreatitis affecting the groove between the head of the pancreas, the duodenum and the common bile duct. Terminology The following entities with which it shares clinicopathological features are unified by this term and should no ...

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, also known as purpura fulminans 9 or hemorrhagic adrenalitis 10, is characterized by adrenal insufficiency that results from atraumatic adrenal hemorrhage in consequence of septicemia.  Pathology Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is due to septicemia and common...

Ectopic pancreatic tissue, also known as heterotopic pancreatic tissue, refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue in the submucosal, muscularis or subserosal layers of the luminal gastrointestinal tract outside the normal confines of the pancreas and lacking any anatomic or vascular connection...

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), also known as endocrine tumors of the pancreas, arise from pancreatic ductal stem cells and include some distinct tumors that match the cell type of origin.  Terminology Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have commonly been referred to as "islet cell tumo...

Insulinomas are the most common sporadic endocrine tumor of the pancreas. On imaging, they usually present as small well-defined hypervascular tumors that may be found anywhere in the pancreas.  Epidemiology Account for 40% of syndromic pancreatic endocrine tumors. The overall incidence is of...

Gastrinomas are the second most common pancreatic endocrine tumor and the most common type in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I). Epidemiology Most gastrinomas are sporadic, although some are seen in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I). In general...

Glucagonomas are pancreatic endocrine tumors that secrete glucagon. Most lesions are malignant. Epidemiology They are very rare with an incidence of ~0.000005% or less than 1 case per 20 million. Equal incidence in middle-aged men and women.  Accounts for 1% of all the neuroendocrine tumors a...

Calciphylaxis, or calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare condition that manifests as subcutaneous vascular calcification and cutaneous necrosis (small blood vessels of the fat tissue and the skin). Some authors describe it as a syndrome of vascular calcification, thrombosis and skin necrosis....

The organ of Zuckerkandl comprises of a small mass of chromaffin cells derived from neural crest located along the aorta, beginning cranial to the superior mesenteric artery or renal arteries and extending to the level of the aortic bifurcation or just beyond. The highest concentration is typica...