Items tagged “endocrine”

308 results found
Article

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is the deficiency or resistance to the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which results in polyuria and polydipsia.  Epidemiology Diabetes insipidus occurs in 3 per 100,000 people 2.  Pathology Diabetes insipidus may be described as 1-3: central/neurogenic/hypoth...
Article

VIPoma

VIPomas (vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) are a very rare type of pancreatic endocrine tumors that secrete, and get their name from, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The clinical syndrome resulting from these tumors is commonly known as WDHA syndrome, an acronym for the cardinal symptom...
Case

MEN2 syndrome - medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma

  Diagnosis certain
Henry Knipe
Published 20 May 2016
92% complete
CT Ultrasound Nuclear medicine
Case

Graves disease - goiter and thyroid eye disease

  Diagnosis certain
Henry Knipe
Published 25 Feb 2016
95% complete
Pathology Ultrasound CT Nuclear medicine
Case

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: with cystic lymphadeopathy

  Diagnosis certain
Henry Knipe
Published 31 Mar 2016
92% complete
Ultrasound CT
Case

Adrenocorticotropin independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH)

  Diagnosis certain
Vitalijs Lobarevs
Published 06 Apr 2016
89% complete
CT Photo X-ray
Article

McGill thyroid nodule score

The McGill thyroid nodule score (MTNS) is a scoring system developed to estimate the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules 1. Scoring system The MTNS is based on 22 parameters: eight clinical or laboratory parameters gender (male): 1 point age (>45 years old): 1 point palpable nodule (pres...
Article

BTA ultrasound "U" classification of thyroid nodules

The ultrasound "U" classification of thyroid nodules has been developed by the British Thyroid Association (BTA) as part of their 2014 guidelines on the management of thyroid cancer 1. It allows for the stratification of thyroid nodules as benign, suspicious or malignant based on ultrasound app...
Article

ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS)

ACR TI-RADS is a reporting system for thyroid nodules on ultrasound proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) 1. This uses a standardized scoring system for reports providing users with recommendations for when to use fine needle aspiration (FNA) or ultrasound follow-up of suspicious ...
Article

Non-ketotic hyperglycemic seizure

Non-ketotic hyperglycemic seizures are one of the neurological complications of non-ketotic hyperglycemia, along with non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma and non-ketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea.  Epidemiology Seizures in the context of non-ketotic hyperglycemia are most frequently reported in middl...
Article

Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Wolff-Chaikoff effect is an autoregulatory phenomenon, whereby a large amount of ingested iodine acutely inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis within the follicular cells, irrespective of the serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.  Pathology The Wolff-Chaikoff effect is thought to be...
Article

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4), previously known as MENX, is a rare type of MEN with clinical overlap with MEN1 but is due to a CDKN1B​ mutation. It is characterized by 1,2: parathyroid adenoma primary hyperparathyroidism in 80% anterior pituitary adenoma neuroendocrine tumors (...
Article

Cushing syndrome

Cushing syndrome is due to the effects of excessive glucocorticoids, which may be exogenous or endogenous. Terminology Cushing disease refers to glucocorticoid excess solely due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, while Cushing syndrome encompasses all etiologies of ...
Article

Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma

Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) is a genetic disorder closely related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN2a) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb (MEN2b). It is characterized by the development of medullary thyroid cancer.   FMTC is the result of mutations in the RET ...
Article

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is an extremely rare condition where a gene mutation results in hyperparathyroidism in association with both benign and malignant tumors, most notably, tumors in the mandible or maxilla 2. Epidemiology Approximately 200 cases have been reported in the med...
Article

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) often referred to simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic conditions characterized by hyperglycemia.  These conditions should not be confused with diabetes insipidus which is clinically distinct and not related to hyperglycemia. Terminology If a patient with diabete...
Case

Pituitary macroadenoma

  Diagnosis certain
Bahman Rasuli
Published 28 Mar 2019
92% complete
MRI
Case

Graves disease

  Diagnosis probable
Fazel Rahman Faizi
Published 15 Apr 2019
66% complete
Ultrasound
Case

Lingual thyroid

  Diagnosis certain
James Harvey
Published 18 Jan 2020
95% complete
CT Ultrasound
Article

Parathyroid carcinoma

Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare, and the overwhelming majority of discrete parathyroid gland lesions seen will be parathyroid adenomas. Carcinomas often present with profound hyperparathyroidism, as most of them are functional. Early metastasis is not uncommon. Imaging is important in their...

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