Items tagged “ent”
38 results found
Article
Chronic otomastoiditis
Chronic otomastoiditis is defined as persistent or recurrent inflammation of the middle ear (chronic otitis media) and mastoid, lasting usually for a minimum of 12 weeks, often resulting in permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane. It should be considered a separate entity from acute otoma...
Article
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh (CN VII) cranial nerve and comprises two roots, a motor root and a smaller mixed sensory, taste and parasympathetic root, known as nervus intermedius, which join together within the temporal bone (TA: nervus facialis or nervus cranialis VII).
The facial nerve has...
Article
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are a rare benign, but locally aggressive, vascular tumors that occur almost exclusively in young men; usually between the ages of 10 and 18.
On imaging, they present as a vividly enhancing soft-tissue masses centered on the sphenopalatine foramen. Given i...
Article
MacEwen triangle
The MacEwen triangle (also called the suprameatal triangle or mastoid fossa) is a surgical landmark on the surface of the temporal bone just superior to the external auditory canal used to locate the level of the mastoid antrum.
Three lines form the triangle:
superior: inferior temporal line/s...
Article
Otomastoiditis
Otomastoiditis refers to inflammation of both the middle ear (otitis media) and mastoid (mastoiditis), can be divided into two distinct entities:
acute otomastoiditis: usually due to bacterial infection
chronic otomastoiditis: usually due to Eustachian tube dysfunction
Article
Ranula
Ranulas are rare, benign, acquired, cystic lesions that occur at the floor of the mouth as sublingual or minor salivary gland retention cysts.
Epidemiology
For reasons that are unclear, they appear to be more common in the Maori of New Zealand and Pacific Island Polynesians 7.
Clinical prese...
Article
Sialolithiasis
Sialolithiasis refers to the formation of calculi (sialoliths) inside the ducts or parenchyma of salivary glands and most commonly occurs in the submandibular glands and their ducts.
Epidemiology
Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of salivary glands, accounting for approximately 50% of ...
Article
Deviated nasal septum
Deviated nasal septums are a common, usually incidental, finding seen on brain and paranasal sinus CT studies. They are commonly seen with external nose deformities.
Clinical presentation
Symptomatic patients can present with unilateral nasal obstruction or less commonly epistaxis, obstructiv...
Article
Cochlear implant
Cochlear implants (CI) are surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. Unlike conventional hearing aids, the cochlear implant does not amplify sound but works by directly stimulating any functioning auditor...
Article
Maxillary torus
Maxillary tori (cf. mandibular tori) are common benign outgrowths of bone from the maxilla which may project both inwards or outwards from the alveolar bone. They typically also arise from the hard palate in the midline, in which case they are called tori palatini. They are usually bilateral.
C...
Article
Auditory brainstem response tracing (mnemonic)
This mnemonic helps when remembering the ascending order of structures that correspond to each waveform in an auditory brainstem response (ABR) tracing:
E COLI
Mnemonic
E: eighth nerve action potential (wave I)
C: cochlear nucleus (wave II)
O: olivary complex (superior) (wave III)
L: later...
Article
Nystagmus (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic to remember the expected direction of nystagmus during a caloric test is:
COWS
Mnemonic
Cold-Opposite
Warm-Same
Following ear stimulation with water (left ear):
cold water (cooler than body temperature), a right-beating nystagmus (directed toward the opposite ear) result...
Case
Adenoid and palatine tonsil (lateral neck radiograph)
Published
20 Mar 2010
82% complete
X-ray
Article
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are the most common primary malignancy of the nasopharynx. They are of squamous cell origin. Some types are strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Epidemiology
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma accounts for ~70% of all primary malignancies of the nasophar...
Article
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the most common histologic type of head and neck cancer. While the term may include any squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, common usage focuses on those of mucosal origin, i.e., squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract...
Case
Cochlear implant
Published
21 Dec 2010
71% complete
CT
Article
Temporal bone fracture
Temporal bone fracture is usually a sequela of significant blunt head injury. In addition to potential damage to hearing and the facial nerve, associated intracranial injuries, such as extra-axial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury and cerebral contusions are common. Early identification of tempo...
Article
Longitudinal temporal bone fractures
Longitudinal temporal bone fractures are petrous temporal bone fractures that occur parallel to the long axis of the petrous temporal bone. Although more current classifications of the extent of temporal bone fractures focus on the integrity of the otic capsule rather than the fracture orientati...
Article
Foramen tympanicum
The foramen tympanicum (plural: foramina tympanica), also known as foramen of Huschke, is an anatomical variation in the external acoustic canal (EAC), where a bony defect connects the EAC to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Epidemiology
Various studies have reported on the occurrence of a f...
Article
Vocal cord paralysis
Vocal cord paralysis/paresis (VCP), also known as vocal fold paralysis/paresis, refers to the impaired mobility of the true vocal cord or fold due to neurologic dysfunction.
Clinical presentation
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis usually presents with dysphonia (hoarseness), characterized as a b...