Items tagged “eponym”
41 results found
Article
Bankart lesion
Bankart lesions are injuries specifically at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labral complex and represent a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. They are frequently seen in association with a Hill-Sachs defect.
Terminology
Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers...
Article
Barton fracture
Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius. It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.
Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Therefore, i...
Article
Buford complex
Buford complex is a congenital glenoid labrum variant where the anterosuperior labrum is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position and the middle glenohumeral ligament is thickened (cord-like). It originates directly from the superior labrum adjacent to the bicipital labral complex and inserts onto the...
Article
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation
Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation is characterized by a fracture of the radial head, dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and rupture of the antebrachial interosseous membrane 3.
Epidemiology
As little as 20% of Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocations are recognized at the time of initial...
Article
Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
Galeazzi fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the distal part of the radius with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. A Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a distal radial fracture with a distal ulnar physeal fracture 2.
Epidemiology
Galeazzi fractures are primarily encountered in ...
Article
Jefferson fracture
Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described.
Epidemiology
Associations
50% a...
Article
Septal lines in lung
Septal lines, or Kerley lines, are seen when the interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent. It may be because of lymphatic engorgement or edema of the connective tissues of the interlobular septa. They usually occur when pulmonary capillary wedge pressure reaches 20-25 mm...
Article
Smith fracture
Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fra...
Article
Hunt and Hess grading system
The Hunt and Hess scale describes the clinical severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from the rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm and is used as a predictor of survival.
grade 1
asymptomatic or minimal headache and slight neck stiffness
70% survival
grade 2
moderate to severe heada...
Article
Roberts syndrome
Roberts syndrome, also known as Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome, pseudothalidomide syndrome, or Appelt-Gerken-Lenz syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation syndrome.
Clinical presentation
general
intrauterine growth restriction
postnatal growth retardation
failure to thrive
thrombocytope...
Article
Looser zones
Looser zones, also known as cortical infractions, Milkman lines or pseudofractures, are wide, transverse lucencies with sclerotic borders traversing partway through a bone, usually perpendicular to the involved cortex, and are associated most frequently with osteomalacia and rickets.
Given that...
Article
Schatzki ring
A Schatzki ring, also called a Schatzki-Gary ring, is a symptomatic, narrow esophageal B-ring occurring in the distal esophagus and usually associated with a hiatus hernia.
Epidemiology
Relatively common, lower esophageal rings are found in ~6-14% of oesophagrams 9.
Associations
More than ...
Article
Tullio phenomenon
The Tullio phenomenon describes the precipitation of vertigo and nystagmus by a loud noise.
Pathology
Etiology
The tympanic membrane and ossicular chain must be intact with a mobile footplate. It may be seen in several situations:
Ménière disease
superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndr...
Article
Pellegrini-Stieda lesion
Pellegrini-Stieda lesions refer to ossified post-traumatic lesions at (or near) the medial femoral collateral ligament adjacent to the margin of the medial femoral condyle. One presumed mechanism of injury is a Stieda fracture (avulsion injury of the medial collateral ligament at the medial femo...
Article
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are diverticula of the gallbladder wall which may be microscopic or macroscopic. Histologically, they are outpouchings of gallbladder mucosa that sit within the gallbladder muscle layer.
Related pathology
They are not themselves considered abnormal but may be associa...
Article
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is a subtype of autoimmune thyroiditis. It is one of the most common thyroid disorders and causes of hypothyroidism 17.
Epidemiology
Hashimoto thyroiditis affects ~2% of all women (F:M = 10-15:1), m...
Article
Eponymous fractures
There are numerous eponymous fractures which are named after the people who first described their existence (but see Stigler's law of eponymy) 1:
Regional List
Facial/Skull
Le Fort facial fractures
Vertebral
Chance fracture
clay-shoveler fracture: 7th cervical spinous process
hangman frac...
Article
Bosworth fracture
The term Bosworth fracture is no longer used. However, it was classically used to refer to a fracture-dislocation of the ankle in which there was fracture of the fibula and posterior dislocation of the talus.
History and etymology
Named after David M Bosworth (1897-1979), orthopedic surgeon fr...
Article
Goyrand fracture
Goyrand fracture is another name for a Smith fracture (reverse Barton fracture) and is predominantly used in France or French-influenced countries.
For a discussion of this fracture refer to the article on Smith fractures.
History and etymology
Named after Jean-Gaspard-Blaise Goyrand: French ...
Article
Chauffeur fracture
Chauffeur fractures (also known as Hutchinson fractures or backfire fractures) are intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size.
Pathology
Mechanism
These injuries are sustained eit...