Items tagged “figures”
170 results found
Article
Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a generic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and antiplatelet agent. It is one of the most-widely if not the most commonly used drug in the world and is listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 1-4. It is used as an over-the-coun...
Article
Aerodigestive tract
The aerodigestive tract is a non-TA descriptive collective term for the respiratory tract and proximal portion of the digestive tract. As it is a non-standard term, its precise components vary somewhat with the context in which the term is being employed.
Terminology
Definitions of what precis...
Article
Coronary microcirculation
The coronary microcirculation comprises several anatomically and functionally different coronary vascular compartments with a small diameter (<500 µm) that play a crucial role in the regulation of myocardial perfusion.
Summary
location: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
blood supply: epicar...
Article
Crural fascia
The crural fascia or deep fascia of the lower leg is a thick connective tissue fascia that invests the muscles of the lower leg and divides them into the four compartments of the lower leg 1,2:
anterior compartment
lateral or peroneal compartment
deep posterior compartment
superficial poster...
Article
Inferior lateral genicular artery
The inferior lateral genicular artery (ILGA) is the lateral counterpart of the inferior medial genicular artery and supplies the inferolateral structures of the knee and the patella.
Summary
location: knee
origin: popliteal artery
branches: cutaneous perforating branches
supply: inferolater...
Article
Inferior medial genicular artery
The inferior medial genicular artery (IMGA) is the medial counterpart of the inferior lateral genicular artery and supplies the inferomedial structures of the knee including the medial tibial condyle and participates in the supply of the patella.
Summary
location: knee
origin: popliteal arter...
Article
Superior lateral genicular artery
The superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) is the lateral counterpart of the superior medial genicular artery and supplies the superolateral structures of the knee and participates in the vascularization of the patella.
Summary
location: knee
origin: popliteal artery
branches: anterior and...
Article
Superior medial genicular artery
The superior medial genicular artery (SMGA) is the medial counterpart of the superior lateral genicular artery and participates in the supply of the superomedial structures of the knee and the vascularization of the patella.
Summary
location: knee
origin: popliteal artery
branches: anterior ...
Article
Middle genicular artery
The middle genicular artery (MGA) is one of the arteries of the knee joint and is a major supplicant of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments.
Summary
location: knee
origin: popliteal artery
supply: cruciate ligaments
Gross anatomy
The middle genicular artery originates from the an...
Article
Antebrachial fascia
The antebrachial fascia or deep fascia of the forearm is a thick connective tissue fascia investing the forearm muscles. It also forms the lateral intermuscular septum, which divides the forearm muscle into the anterior and posterior compartments together with the radius, ulna, and interosseous ...
Article
Glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, are biomolecules produced by almost all mammalian cells, as well as in many vertebrates and invertebrates, but have not been described in plants 1. They are constituent elements of proteoglycans and are found within the cells in t...
Article
Cardiac dyssynchrony
Cardiac dyssynchrony refers to deviations in timing and/or disturbance of the normal sequence of activation and contraction between the atria and ventricles of the heart, the right and left ventricle or among the ventricular wall segments.
Epidemiology
Mechanical dyssynchrony is common in pat...
Article
Apical rocking
Apical rocking is a radiographic sign that might be seen either on echocardiography or cine imaging on cardiac MRI in the four-chamber view and refers to a movement of the cardiac apex in cardiac dyssynchrony. It is characterized by the following 1-3:
short-timed movement of the apex towards th...
Article
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure with normal or near-normal ejection fraction and objective evidence of diastolic dysfunction.
Terminology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was initially termed ‘diastolic heart failure' and was repl...
Article
Osteomeniscal impact edema
Osteomeniscal impact edema (OMIE) refers to a bone marrow edema pattern in the knee adjacent to a displaced meniscal flap tear.
Clinical presentation
Patients can present with focal medial knee pain.
Pathology
This occurs secondary to a displaced meniscal flap tear with peripheral, focal ede...
Article
AO/OTA classification of proximal femoral fractures
The AO/OTA classification is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying proximal femoral fractures or proximal femoral end segment fractures. Like other fractures, they are divided into three groups subject to the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1:
type A: trochant...
Article
AO/OTA classification of pelvic ring fractures
The AO/OTA classification is one of the systems for classifying pelvic ring fractures. Like other fractures, they are divided into three groups subject to the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1:
type A: intact posterior arch
A1: a pelvic or innominate bone avulsion fracture
A1...
Article
Atrial volume
The atrial volumes refer to the blood volumes of the left or right atrium and the atrial volume index is the respective atrial volume corrected for the body surface area (BSA).
Usage
Atrial volumes are measured for the assessment of many congenital and acquired cardiac conditions causing left ...
Article
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) refers to simultaneous biventricular or multisite pacing of the heart with a specialized biventricular cardiac pacemaker (CRT-P) with or without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D) and is a treatment option in moderate to severe heart failure...
Article
Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) refers to significant systolic dysfunction with a moderate to severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction as a consequence of myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction. The condition is not listed or classified as cardiomyopathy in the position state...