Items tagged “foot”
52 results found
Article
Plantar calcaneal spur
Plantar calcaneal spurs, or sometimes simply referred to as calcaneal spurs, are a commonly seen finding in radiology practice.
Epidemiology
Plantar calcaneal spurs tend to usually occur in older men and women and may be related to obesity, osteoarthritis and current or previous heel pain.
P...
Article
Accessory ossicles of the foot
Accessory ossicles of the feet are common developmental variants with almost 40 having been described. Some of the more common include 1-4:
os peroneum
os subfibulare
os subtibiale
os tibiale externum (accessory navicular)
os trigonum
os calcaneus secundaris
os calcanei accessorium 6
os ...
Article
Sesamoid
Sesamoids, also known as sesamoid bones, are focal areas of ossification within tendons as they pass over joints 1. They can also occur in ligaments and usually measure a few millimeters in diameter. Their function is purported to be to alter the direction of the tendon and modify pressure, ther...
Article
Sustentaculum tali
The sustentaculum tali is a horizontal shelf that arises from the anteromedial portion of the calcaneus. The superior surface is concave and articulates with the middle calcaneal surface of the talus. The inferior surface has a groove for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus.
Several ligamentou...
Article
Lateral talocalcaneal angle
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is one of the angles that can be measured for the assessment of pes planus and pes cavus and assessment of hindfoot deformity.
Measurement
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is drawn on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. There are two ways that it has been d...
Article
Multipartite hallux sesamoid
Multipartite hallux sesamoids are a commonly seen normal variant, present in up to 33% of hallux sesamoids. They are more commonly bipartite than tripartite.
The medial (tibial) sesamoid is more likely to be multipartite than the lateral (fibular) sesamoid because it more commonly has more tha...
Article
Os supranaviculare
An os supranaviculare is an accessory ossicle of the foot, located at the proximal dorsal aspect of the navicular bone or talonavicular joint. It is also known as Piries bone, talonavicular dorsale, or (dorsal) talonavicular ossicle and is present in ~1% of the population.
Differential diagnos...
Article
Os intermetatarseum
The os intermetatarseum is an uncommon accessory ossicle of the foot occurring in ~4% (range 1-7%) of the population.
Clinical presentation
It is usually asymptomatic and an incidental finding although it can be a cause of dorsal midfoot pain.
Gross anatomy
The os intermetarseum is typical...
Article
Hallux sesamoid
The hallux sesamoid bones are paired ossicles of the foot. They function as a fulcrum to increase the leverage of both flexor hallucis brevis and longus.
Gross anatomy
The hallux sesamoids are ovoid-shaped ossicles, separated from each other by the intersesamoidal ridge. There is a medial (ti...
Article
Calcaneofibular ligament
The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is the middle ligament of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle and stabilizes both the ankle and subtalar joints.
Gross anatomy
The CFL is an extracapsular round cord measuring 20-25 mm long x 6-8 mm width. Its origin is distal to the anterior...
Article
Posterior talofibular ligament
The posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) is one of three ligaments that compose the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. When the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are intact, it only has a secondary role in ankle joint stability and is also the least commonly inju...
Article
Os vesalianum pedis
An os vesalianum pedis is an accessory ossicle of the foot. Although asymptomatic, it may become symptomatic occasionally, causing lateral foot pain and requiring surgical excision 2.
Gross anatomy
It is formed as a result of failed fusion of the secondary ossification center of the metatarsal...
Article
Symphalangism
Symphalangism refers to ankylosis or synostosis of the interphalangeal joints (i.e. fusion of the phalanges) in either the toes or the fingers. Less commonly, the metacarpophalangeal joints may be affected.
Epidemiology
One study reports symphalangism of the fifth toe in ~55% (range 40-75%) of...
Article
Lisfranc joint
The tarsometatarsal joint, or Lisfranc joint, is the articulation between the tarsus (midfoot) and the metatarsal bases (forefoot), representing a combination of tarsometatarsal joints.
Gross anatomy
The first three metatarsals articulate with the three cuneiforms, respectively, and the 4th an...
Article
Calcaneus
The calcaneus, also referred to as the calcaneum, (plural: calcanei or calcanea) is the largest tarsal bone and the major bone in the hindfoot. It articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly and shares a joint space with the talonavicular joint, appropriately called the taloc...
Article
Calcaneal tendon
The calcaneal tendon, commonly known as the Achilles tendon, is the strongest and largest tendon of the human body. It is also one of the commonest tendons to become injured due to its high biomechanical load but poor vascularity 2.
Gross anatomy
The calcaneal tendon forms by the merging of fi...
Article
Arterial supply to the foot
Arterial supply to the foot can be divided into plantar and dorsal components.
Plantar arterial supply
Posterior tibial artery
gives off its calcaneal branch
then divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries
Medial plantar artery
branch of the posterior tibial artery
smaller cal...
Article
Intermetatarsal angle
The intermetatarsal angle is a measurement used to assess hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus deformities.
Terminology
The term intermetatarsal angle alone typically refers to assessment of the first and second metatarsals. Occasionally the term first intermetatarsal angle is used to spe...
Article
Knot of Henry
The (master) knot of Henry, also known as Henry's knot and chiasma (tendineum) plantare, is the superficial (i.e. plantar) crossing of the flexor digitorum longus tendon obliquely over the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the midfoot, at the level of the navicular bone. Distally to the knot of H...
Article
Ossification centers of the foot
Primary ossification centers present at birth
Visible on x-ray from birth:
calcaneus: 6 months in utero
talus: 7 months in utero
cuboid: 9 months in utero
metatarsals: 9 weeks in utero
phalanges: 3-10 months (proximal to distal)
Primary ossification centers developing after birth
Become ...
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