Items tagged “fracture”
90 results found
Article
Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal styloid
Avulsion fractures of the 5th metatarsal styloid, also known as a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer fracture, are one of the more common foot avulsion injuries and account for over 90% of fractures of the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Terminology
Despite what should be a simple entity, controver...
Article
Bankart lesion
Bankart lesions are injuries specifically at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labral complex and represent a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. They are frequently seen in association with a Hill-Sachs defect.
Terminology
Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers...
Article
Bennett fracture
A Bennett fracture is a fracture of the base of the thumb resulting from forced abduction of the first metacarpal. It is defined as an intra-articular two-part fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
two piece fracture of the base of the th...
Article
Boxer fracture
Boxer fractures are minimally comminuted, transverse fractures of the 5th metacarpal neck, and are the most common type of metacarpal fracture.
A boxer's knuckle is a separate entity, which is a tear of the metacarpophalangeal joint sagittal band that causes subluxation of the associated exten...
Article
Clavicular fracture
Clavicular fractures are common and account for ~5% (range 2.6-10%) of all fractures 2,3. They usually require minimal treatment, which relies on analgesia and a collar-and-cuff. However, in some cases, open reduction and internal fixation are required.
Epidemiology
Clavicular fractures are mo...
Article
Colles fracture
Colles fractures are very common extra-articular fractures of the distal radius that occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand. They consist of a fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction, but without the involvement of the articular surf...
Article
Epibasal fracture of the thumb
Epibasal fractures of the thumb (also called pseudo-Bennett fracture) are extra-articular two-piece fractures of the proximal first metacarpal bone. They are usually stable, depending on the degree of displacement, and often do not require surgery. It is important to distinguish them from intra-...
Article
Medial epicondyle fracture
Medial epicondyle fractures represent almost all epicondyle fractures and occur when there is avulsion of the medial epicondyle. They are typically seen in children and can be challenging to identify. Failure to diagnose these injuries can lead to significant long term disability.
Epidemiology...
Article
Jefferson fracture
Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described.
Epidemiology
Associations
50% a...
Article
Jones fracture
A Jones fracture is a fracture of the proximal metadiaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal bone that involves the 4th-5th metatarsal articulation.
Pathology
It is a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal, 1.5 to 3 cm distal to the proximal tuberosity at the metadiaphyseal ...
Article
Neck of femur fracture
Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk.
Epidemiology
The incidenc...
Article
Radial head fracture
Radial head fractures are, together with the radial neck fractures, relatively common injuries, especially in adults, although they can be occult on radiographs. Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fractures 5.
Epidemiology
Although fractures of the radial head are seen in all age...
Article
Rolando fracture
Rolando fracture is a three-part or comminuted intra-articular fracture-dislocation of the base of the thumb (proximal first metacarpal). It can be thought of as a comminuted Bennett fracture.
Epidemiology
The vast majority of cases occur in men, with a male to female predominance of 10:1. It ...
Article
Salter-Harris fracture classification (mnemonic)
Useful mnemonics for remembering the Salter-Harris classification system are:
SALTR
SMACK
SMETI
Fortunately, this is also the order of prognosis (from best to worse)
Mnemonics
SALTR
S: slipped (type I)
A: above or away from joint (type II)
L: lower (type III)
T: through or transverse o...
Article
Supracondylar humeral fracture
Supracondylar humeral fractures, often simply referred to as supracondylar fractures, are a classic pediatric injury which requires vigilance as imaging findings can be subtle.
Epidemiology
Simple supracondylar fractures are typically seen in younger children, and are uncommon in adults; 90% a...
Article
Tillaux fracture
Tillaux fractures are Salter-Harris III fractures through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis, with variable amounts of displacement.
Epidemiology
It occurs in older children and adolescents when the medial aspect of the distal tibial growth plate has started to fuse.
Path...
Article
Mandibular fracture
Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs. This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making s...
Article
Metacarpal fracture
Metacarpal fractures are common accounting for 10% of all fractures and 40% of all hand fractures.
Terminology
Specific names are given to fractures of the base of the first metacarpal (see: fractures of the thumb):
Bennett fracture dislocation
Rolando fracture
epibasal thumb fracture
gam...
Article
Fractures of the thumb
Fractures of the thumb are important due to huge impact the thumb has on the overall function of the hand, an understanding of the types of fractures that occur is important, as treatment varies with fracture type.
Pathology
Types
Metacarpal fractures include:
intra-articular fractures
...
Article
Reverse Barton fracture
Reverse Barton fractures, also known as volar type Barton fractures, represent an intra-articular distal radial fracture with volar displacement.
In fact, the reverse Barton fracture is a type II Smith fracture: oblique distal intra-articular radial fracture 1,2.
For a discussion of this fract...