Items tagged “general surgery”
367 results found
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Internal hernia
Internal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are protrusions of the viscera through the peritoneum or mesentery but remaining within the abdominal cavity.
Epidemiology
Internal hernias have a low incidence of <1% and represent a relatively small proportion, up to 5.8%, of presentations with ...
Article
Retained gallstone
Retained gallstones, also called dropped or slipped gallstones, are common during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with a reported incidence of 0.1–20%, and occur when gallstones are inadvertently spilled into the peritoneal cavity.
Clinical presentation
Many cases of dropped gallstones will be...
Article
Esophageal food impaction
Esophageal food impaction (or steakhouse syndrome) refers to a food bolus acutely obstructing the esophagus.
Clinical presentation
The main symptom is usually acute dysphagia.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Depending on the composition of the ingested content, the bolus may be visib...
Article
Abdominal adhesions
Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue (fibrous or fibrofatty), most often occurring as a complication of previous abdominal surgery.
Pathology
Adhesions often occur with
multiple abdominal operations or previous postoperative intra-abdominal complications
history of intra-abdominal infla...
Article
Internal hernia due to gastric bypass surgery
Internal hernias due to gastric bypass surgery are more common after laparoscopic gastric bypass than after an open procedure.
Epidemiology
Incidence after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may range between 1-16%. The presence of strangulation may be associated with a mortality rate exceeding 50% r...
Case
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure
Published
10 Aug 2011
44% complete
Diagram
Article
Emphysematous cholecystitis
Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare form of acute cholecystitis where gallbladder wall necrosis causes gas formation in the lumen or wall. It is a surgical emergency, due to the high mortality from gallbladder gangrene and perforation.
Epidemiology
Men are affected twice as commonly as women...
Case
Closed loop small intestinal obstruction
Published
23 Dec 2011
71% complete
CT
Article
Substernal goiter
Substernal goiter (or retrosternal goiter) is an enlarged thyroid gland with intrathoracic extension.
Terminology
It remains unclear which goiters are to be termed substernal, but a recently proposed definition is a goiter that requires mediastinal exploration and dissection for complete remov...
Case
Diverticulitis
Published
05 Jul 2012
71% complete
CT
Article
Acute acalculous cholecystitis
Acute acalculous cholecystitis refers to the development of cholecystitis in the gallbladder either without gallstones or with gallstones where they are not the contributory factor. It is thought to occur most often due to biliary stasis and/or gallbladder ischemia.
Epidemiology
Acute acalculo...
Case
Suture calcification - breast
Published
27 Jul 2012
57% complete
Mammography
Article
Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm
Splenic artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare type of pseudoaneurysm arising from any portion of the splenic artery and its branches.
Clinical presentation
Unlike splenic artery true aneurysms, splenic artery pseudoaneurysms will nearly always present with symptoms 2. While their occurrence may b...
Article
Gallstones
Gallstones, also called cholelithiasis, are concretions that may occur anywhere within the biliary system, most commonly within the gallbladder.
Terminology
Gallstones (cholelithiasis) describe stone formation at any point along the biliary tree. Specific names can be given to gallstones depe...
Article
Sigmoid mesocolon hernia
Intersigmoid hernias, also known as sigmoid mesocolon hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) occur when small bowel loops protrude into a peritoneal pocket (intersigmoid fossa) formed between two adjacent sigmoid segments and their mesentery.
Epidemiology
Sigmoid mesocolon hernias account for ...
Article
Gastric band
A gastric band is a popular form of bariatric surgery and is a surgically placed device, used to assist in weight loss and is adjustable.
Procedure
Performed laparoscopically, a silicone band device is placed around the stomach to reduce its volume. The band is adjustable via a port placed in ...
Case
Appendicular stump - normal
Published
13 Feb 2013
57% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Generalized colitis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the causes of generalized colitis is:
I3NR
Mnemonic
I: infectious colitis e.g. E. coli, cytomegalovirus
I: inflammatory, e.g. pseudomembranous colitis, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis
I: ischemic colitis
N: neoplastic, e.g. lymphoma
R: radiation colitis
Case
Sigmoid volvulus - whirlpool sign
Published
07 Apr 2013
95% complete
CT