Items tagged “hand”
24 results found
Article
Glomangioma
Glomangiomas, also known as glomus tumors, are benign vascular tumors typically seen at the distal extremities. On imaging, they characteristically present as small hypervascular nodules under the fingernail.
Terminology
These tumors should not be confused with paragangliomas, which were form...
Article
Positive metacarpal sign
In the metacarpal sign, a line drawn along the heads of the 4th and 5th metacarpals will intersect the head of the 3rd metacarpal if shortening is present. The shortened 4th metacarpal is the key to the sign.
The sign is positive in up to 9.6% of normal individuals 3. It is however seen in a va...
Article
Trigger finger
Trigger fingers are a type of stenosing tenosynovitis involving the flexor digitorum superficialis at the level of the A1 pulley. It develops due to repetitive microinjury from frequent flexion-extension movements of the fingers and/or thumb.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
diabetes
obesity
femal...
Article
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare form of localized gigantism, and many terms have been used interchangeably, with resulting confusion. They include macrodactyly, megalodactyly, digital gigantism, macromelia, partial acromegaly, macrosomia, and limited gigantism 3.
Terminology
Macrodystroph...
Article
Extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle
The extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) muscle is an accessory muscle in the hand and is a normal anatomical variant.
Summary
origin: distal radius and posterior radiocarpal ligament
insertion: extensor hood of 2nd or 3rd digits (variable)
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
actio...
Article
Boxer knuckle
Boxer knuckle (not to be confused with a boxer fracture) refers to an appearance when there is a disruption to the sagittal bands of the extensor hood, particularly over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.
Epidemiology
It is most common in the middle finger, and radial sided sagittal band inj...
Article
Sesamoid
Sesamoids, also known as sesamoid bones, are focal areas of ossification within tendons as they pass over joints 1. They can also occur in ligaments and usually measure a few millimeters in diameter. Their function is purported to be to alter the direction of the tendon and modify pressure, ther...
Article
Mauclaire disease
Mauclaire disease, also known as Dietrich disease, is a rare disease and refers to osteonecrosis of the metacarpal heads, which usually appears between ages of 13 and 18 years 1,2. This condition may lead to early closure of epiphyseal growth plate and growth disturbance of the involved finger.
...
Article
Carpometacarpal joint dislocation
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations are uncommon dislocations of the hand.
Epidemiology
There is a strong younger male predominance. These injuries account for less than 1% of hand injuries 4 and are more common in the dominant hand.
Associated injuries
The following injuries should rai...
Article
Metacarpal bones
The metacarpal bones are five long bones of the hand between the carpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the hand that make up most of the palm.
Gross anatomy
The metacarpal bones run from the carpus, forming the carpometacarpal joints, to the base of proximal phalanges, forming the metacar...
Article
Ultrasound of the wrist
Ultrasound is a useful imaging modality for evaluation of the wrist, allowing high-resolution imaging of anatomy while simultaneously allowing dynamic evaluation of the joints, tendons, and ligaments.
Approach
There are multiple possible approaches to imaging the wrist with ultrasound. The exa...
Article
Arterial supply to the hand
The arterial supply to the hand is comprised of a complex vascular network formed from the branches and distal continuations of the radial and ulnar arteries. This rich vascular network can be divided into palmar and dorsal components.
Palmar arterial supply
The palmar arterial supply can be d...
Article
Frostbite
Frostbite is a focal tissue injury from exposure to extremely low temperatures, and most commonly involves the fingers and toes. It is most commonly encountered in radiology in a differential for acro-osteolysis.
Clinical presentation
Most common on exposed areas: hands, feet, face and ears. T...
Article
Lumbrical muscles of the hand
The lumbrical muscles of the hand are intrinsic muscles of the hand associated with the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon.
Summary
origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus in the palm
insertion: extensor expansion on the dorsum of proximal phalanx after passing along the lateral si...
Article
Terminal tuft mass
There is only a short list of terminal tuft masses that can arise from the adjacent soft tissues and erode the terminal tuft or arise from the terminal tuft itself:
epidermal inclusion cyst: history of penetrating trauma
tenosynovial giant cell tumor: occurs laterally
subungual glomus tumor (...
Article
Hands
The hand is part of the upper limb below the forearm and wrist. In the supinated anatomical position, the palm is facing anteriorly and the dorsum posteriorly.
The bones of the hand are:
carpals (8)
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
metacarpals (5...
Article
Abductor pollicis brevis muscle
The abductor pollicis brevis muscle is a thin subcutaneous muscle located laterally in the thenar eminence of the hand, and is one of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Summary
origin: mainly from the flexor retinaculum
few fibers originate from the tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and ten...
Article
Opponens pollicis muscle
The opponens pollicis muscle is one of the muscles of the thenar eminence, deep to abductor pollicis brevis, and is one of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. The three muscles that constitute the thenar eminence muscle group are abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens polli...
Article
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (hand)
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of the hand lies lateral to the abductor digiti minimi, within the hypothenar eminence, and is one of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Summary
origin: hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
insertion: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
action: flexes 5t...
Article
Tooth-knuckle injury
Tooth-knuckle injuries are sustained when the clenched fist of a patient strikes the teeth of an opponent.
Terminology
Tooth-knuckle injuries are also referred to as clenched fist injuries, closed fist injuries and fight bite injuries.
Epidemiology
These injuries are most commonly found in y...
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