Items tagged “infection”
32 results found
Article
Petrous apicitis
Petrous apicitis, also known as apical petrositis, is infection with involvement of bone at the very apex (petrous apex) of the petrous temporal bone.
Epidemiology
Petrous apicitis is less common than it once was, on account of the widespread and early use of antibiotics for acute otomastoidit...
Article
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal agents.
Epidemiology
The frequency of individual infective agents as causes of liver abscesses are intimately linked to the demographics of the affe...
Article
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, also known as scrofula and king's evil, continues to be seen in endemic areas and in the industrialised world particularly among the immunocompromised.
Epidemiology
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tubercu...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through ...
Article
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis is a CNS infection that almost always develops in the context of profound immunosuppression.
This article focus on adult infection. CMV is also one of the most frequent prenatal infections, which is discussed separately: congenital CMV infection.
Epidemiolo...
Article
Leptomeningitis
Leptomeningitis, which is more commonly referred to as meningitis, represents inflammation of the subarachnoid space (i.e. arachnoid mater and pia mater) caused by an infectious or noninfectious process.
Pathology
Etiology
Infective
pyogenic meningitis
elderly
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Lis...
Article
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) and is a multisystem disorder which may affect the lungs, brain, visceral organs, or musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Melioidosis is a disease of the monsoo...
Article
Cerebral abscess
A cerebral abscess is a focal area of necrosis starting in an area of cerebritis surrounded by a membrane. It is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt radiological identification and rapid treatment. Fortunately, MRI is usually able to convincingly make the diagnosis, disting...
Article
Pleural empyema
Pleural empyema refers to a collection of pus in the pleural cavity which may contain gas locules. Empyema is usually unilateral and most often occurs as a complication of pneumonia or perforated esophagus. The thickened pleura demonstrates contrast enhancement and the visceral and parietal comp...
Article
Ludwig angina
Ludwig angina, also known as Ludwig cellulitis, refers to rapidly progressive cellulitis of the floor of mouth, which is potentially life-threatening due to the risk of rapid airway compromise.
Epidemiology
Largely due to the advent of antibiotics, the condition is uncommon in present day mod...
Article
Bear paw sign (kidney)
The bear paw sign refers to the cross-sectional appearance of the kidney affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is a radial arrangement of multiple, low attenuation rounded spaces representing dilated calyces, surrounded by thin renal parenchyma that has higher attenuation or cont...
Article
Lobar nephronia
Lobar nephronia, also known as acute focal nephritis, refers to an intermediate stage between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess, and is a focal region of interstitial nephritis.
It appears as a wedge of poorly perfused renal parenchyma, without a cortical rim sign.
The condition is discu...
Article
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis results from infection by the zoonotic Leptospira spp. The condition can have multiorgan manifestations. Commonly affected organs include:
lung: pulmonary leptospirosis
liver: hepatic leptospirosis
central nervous system: CNS leptospirosis
skeletal muscle: muscular leptospirosi...
Article
Infectious myositis
Infectious myositis is an infection of skeletal muscle, and can be acute, subacute, or chronic. Pyomyositis refers specifically to a bacterial infection of skeletal muscle.
Epidemiology
It is most often seen in young adults. Pyomyositis, or bacterial myositis, was once considered a tropical d...
Article
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Congenital cytomegalovirus infections result from intrauterine fetal infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV).
Epidemiology
Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of intrauterine infection and the most common cause of congenital infective and brain damage, occurring in 0.2-2.4% of live births.
An...
Article
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a destructive arthropathy caused by an intra-articular infection that is usually related to severe symptoms such as pain and decreased range of motion. This condition requires prompt treatment aiming to avoid permanent damage to the joint, which may result in chronic deformit...
Article
Subdural empyema
Subdural empyema is a type of intracranial infection characterized by a suppurative collection between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. It is commonly seen as a complication of sinusitis, otitis, mastoiditis, or surgical intervention.
On imaging, it tends to present as a subdural collect...
Article
Cellulitis
Cellulitis (rare plural: cellulitides) is an acute infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues without deep fascial or muscular involvement. It results in pain, erythema, edema, and warmth. Since the epidermis is not involved, cellulitis is not transmitted by person-to-person contact.
Epid...
Article
Emphysematous cystitis
Emphysematous cystitis refers to a gas-forming infection of the bladder wall.
Epidemiology
The condition is rare and usually confined to certain patient subgroups. Median age affected is 66 years. More common in women, 2:1 F:M 9.
Risk factors
Risk factors include:
diabetes mellitus
...
Article
Pyonephrosis
Pyonephrosis is a term given to an infection of the kidney with pus in the upper collecting system which can progress to obstruction.
Pyonephrosis may be suspected when the clinical symptoms of fever and flank pain are combined with the radiologic evidence of urinary tract obstruction 1. Debris...