Items tagged “infectious disease”
91 results found
Article
Achalasia
Achalasia (primary achalasia) is a failure of organised oesophageal peristalsis that causes impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter, resulting in food stasis and often marked dilatation of the oesophagus.
Obstruction of the distal oesophagus from other non-functional aetiologies...
Article
Acute unilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Acute unilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification.
Differential diagnosis
The exhaustive list of all possible causes would be huge, but a useful framework includes:
pus (i.e. pulmonary infection)
bacterial pneumonia
fungal pneumon...
Article
Bell palsy
Bell palsy, also known as idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis, is characterised by rapid onset facial nerve paralysis, often with resolution in 6-8 weeks, without an identifiable aetiology. As there are numerous causes of facial nerve palsy, many acute in onset, it is currently a diagnosis of...
Article
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification. An exhaustive list of all possible causes of chronic bilateral airspace opacities is long, but a useful framework is as follows:
inflammatory
sarcoidosis
granulomatosis with polyangi...
Article
Fournier gangrene
Fournier gangrene is necrotising fasciitis of the perineum. It is a true urological emergency due to the high mortality rate but fortunately, the condition is rare. It is primarily a clinical diagnosis and definitive treatment, typically consisting of surgical debridement and antibiotics. Imagin...
Article
Herpes simplex encephalitis
Herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis is the most common cause of fatal sporadic fulminant necrotising viral encephalitis and has characteristic imaging findings.
Two subtypes are recognised which differ in demographics, virus, and pattern of involvement. They are 1:
neonatal herpes encephalitis
...
Article
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) or Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), is an atypical pulmonary infection and the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Terminology
Classically, ...
Case
Advanced L2/3 discitis-osteomyelitis
Published
11 Nov 2008
71% complete
MRI
Article
Leptomeningitis
Leptomeningitis, which is more commonly referred to as meningitis, represents inflammation of the subarachnoid space (i.e. arachnoid mater and pia mater) caused by an infectious or noninfectious process.
Pathology
Aetiology
Infective
pyogenic meningitis
elderly
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Li...
Article
Peripheral lung opacities (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for peripheral lung opacities seen on chest x-ray or CT are useful to remember differentials. Examples include:
AEIOU
SIC CUE
Mnemonics
AEIOU
A: alveolar sarcoidosis
E: eosinophilic pneumonia
I: infarction
O: organising pneumonia (including COP)
U: usual interstitial pneumonit...
Article
Tree-in-bud pattern
Tree-in-bud pattern describes the CT appearance of multiple areas of centrilobular micronodules with a linear branching pattern, resembling a budding tree 11. Although initially described in patients with endobronchial tuberculosis, it is now recognised in a large number of conditions.
Patholog...
Case
Pneumorrhachis
Published
08 Sep 2009
86% complete
CT
Article
Neonatal respiratory distress (causes)
Causes of neonatal distress can be broadly split into intrathoracic, extrathoracic and systemic:
Intrathoracic
Medical
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)
meconium aspiration syndrome
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)...
Article
Tuberculosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are varied and depend in part whether the infection is primary or post-primary. The lungs are the most common site of primary infection by tuberculosis and are a major source of spread of the disease and of individual morbidity and mortality.
A general d...
Article
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis is the most common presentation of intracranial tuberculosis, and usually refers to infection of the leptomeninges. Uncommonly tuberculosis can be limited to the pachymeninges (dura mater), it is called tuberculous pachymeningitis and is discussed separately.
The remaind...
Article
Bulging fissure sign (lobar consolidation)
The bulging fissure sign refers to lobar consolidation where the affected portion of the lung is expanded, causing displacement of the adjacent fissure. Any type of pneumonia or space-occupying process can lead to bulging (sagging) fissure sign. Classically, it has been described in right upper ...
Article
Causes of perfusion defects on a VQ scan
There are several causes leading to a perfusion defect on a VQ scan with an acute pulmonary embolus being only one of them:
Vascular causes
acute pulmonary embolus
previous pulmonary embolus (including fat embolism, thromboembolism, air embolism, tumour)
vasculitides affecting the pulmonary ...
Article
Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection
Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a type of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. It is relatively common and continues to pose significant therapeutic challenges. In addition, the role of MAC in pulmonary pathology remains controversial in many instances.
Epide...
Article
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis (plural: acute pyelonephritides) is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma most commonly seen in young women. It remains common and continues to have significant morbidity in certain groups of patients.
Epidemiology
The incidence of acute pyelonephritis p...
Article
Whipple disease
Whipple disease is a rare infectious multisystem disorder caused by the actinobacteria Tropheryma whipplei.
Epidemiology
The incidence of Whipple disease is not truly known, one Swiss study estimated it at approximately 1 per 1.5 million per year 7.
The peak age for presentation is in the fif...
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