Items tagged “infectiousdisease”
124 results
Article
Acute mastoiditis
Acute mastoiditis refers to a suppurative infection of the mastoid air cells. It is the most common complication of acute otitis media.
Terminology
In acute otitis media, an inflammatory middle ear effusion is present that can freely move into the mastoid air cells. Consequently, some authors ...
Article
Air crescent (lung)
Air crescent describes the crescent of gas between an intra-cavitary mass and the cavity wall. The intra-cavitary mass may be due to necrotic tissue or a fungus ball 6.
Terminology
The descriptor Monod sign 2 is commonly used to describe the combination of a gas crescent and a mobile fungus ba...
Article
Bat wing opacities (lungs)
Bat wing opacities, also known as butterfly opacities, refer to a pattern of bilateral perihilar lung shadowing. It is classically described on a frontal chest radiograph but can also refer to appearances on chest CT 3,4.
Differential diagnosis
Bat wing pulmonary opacities can be caused by:
p...
Article
Chronic unilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Chronic unilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnoses for airspace opacification. An exhaustive list of all possible causes of chronic unilateral airspace opacities is long, but a useful framework is as follows:
neoplastic
post obstructive
lymphoma
lymphocytic ...
Article
Eosinophilic lung disease
Eosinophilic lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by excess infiltration of eosinophils within the lung interstitium and alveoli and are broadly divided into three main groups 1:
idiopathic: unknown causes
secondary: known causes
eosinophilic vasculitis:...
Article
Ground-glass opacification
Ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography (CT) with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. It is a non-specific sign with a wide etiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease an...
Article
Varicella pneumonia
Varicella pneumonia is a type of viral pneumonia. It is a common cause of multiple small round calcific lung lesions. Varicella-zoster virus most commonly causes self-limited benign disease (chickenpox) in children. However, in adults it tends to cause significant complications including varicel...
Article
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are diffuse interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. They are characterized by cellular infiltration of the interstitial compartment of the lung with varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.
Classification
Over the years many attempts have...
Article
Septal lines in lung
Septal lines, or Kerley lines, are seen when the interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent. It may be because of lymphatic engorgement or edema of the connective tissues of the interlobular septa. They usually occur when pulmonary capillary wedge pressure reaches 20-25 mm...
Article
Miliary opacities (lungs)
The term miliary opacities refers to innumerable, small 1-4 mm pulmonary nodules scattered throughout the lungs. It is useful to divide these patients into those who are febrile and those who are not.
Additionally, some miliary opacities are very dense, narrowing the differential - see multiple...
Article
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastomas are tumors of neuroblastic origin. Although they may occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, the vast majority arise from the adrenal gland.
They represent the most common extracranial solid childhood malignancy and are the third commonest childhood tumor after leukemia and b...
Article
Otomastoiditis
Otomastoiditis refers to inflammation of both the middle ear (otitis media) and mastoid (mastoiditis), can be divided into two distinct entities:
acute otomastoiditis: usually due to bacterial infection
chronic otomastoiditis: usually due to Eustachian tube dysfunction
Article
Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration, also called accessory lung, refers to the aberrant formation of segmental lung tissue that has no connection with the bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. It is a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM).
There are two types:
intralobar sequestration (ILS)
extral...
Article
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal agents.
Epidemiology
The frequency of individual infective agents as causes of liver abscesses are intimately linked to the demographics of the affe...
Article
Reverse bat wing pulmonary opacities
Reverse bat wing pulmonary opacities refer to peripheral opacities of the lungs, sparing the perihilar region. It is a relatively unusual appearance with a fairly narrow differential 1:
common
chronic eosinophilic pneumonia 2,3
organizing pneumonia 3,5
rare
pulmonary contusion: in the setti...
Article
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax, commonly abbreviated to PTX, (plural: pneumothoraces) refers to the presence of gas (often air) in the pleural space. When this collection of gas constantly enlarges with resulting compression of mediastinal structures, it can be life-threatening and is known as a tension pneumotho...
Article
Spondylodiscitis
Spondylodiscitis, (rare plural: spondylodiscitides) also referred to as discitis-osteomyelitis, is characterized by infection involving the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae.
Terminology
In adults, the use of the term discitis is generally discouraged as isolated infection of the spin...
Article
Interlobular septal thickening
There are many causes of interlobular septal thickening, and this should be distinguished from intralobular septal thickening. Thickening of the interlobular septa can be smooth, nodular or irregular, with many entities able to cause more than one pattern.
Pathology
Causes of septal thickening...
Case
Staphylococcal pneumonia
Published
19 Mar 2009
47% complete
X-ray
Case
Melioidosis
Published
19 Mar 2009
80% complete
X-ray
CT