Items tagged “infectiousdisease”

63 results found
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Consolidation

Consolidation describes increased lung attenuation sufficient to obscure bronchial walls and blood vessels (on non-enhanced CT). Patent airways can be identified by the endoluminal gas as an air bronchogram. Consolidation can be caused by any process that evacuates alveolar air such as pneumonia...
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Lipoid pneumonia

Lipoid pneumonia is a form of pneumonia associated with oily or lipid components within the pneumonitis component. This can either result from: aspiration of oily substances (exogenous lipoid pneumonia) or endogenous accumulation of lipid substances in the alveoli (endogenous lipoid pne...
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Acute interstitial pneumonia

Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), also known as Hamman-Rich syndrome, is a rapidly progressive non-infectious interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. It is considered the only acute process among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Terminology  Acute interstitial pneumonia has a s...
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Obliterative bronchiolitis

Obliterative bronchiolitis, also known as bronchiolitis obliterans or constrictive bronchiolitis, is a type of bronchiolitis and refers to bronchiolar inflammation with submucosal peribronchial fibrosis associated with luminal stenosis and occlusions. Obliterative bronchiolitis should not be con...
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AIDS-defining illness

AIDS-defining illnesses are conditions that in the setting of a HIV infection confirm the diagnosis of AIDS and do not commonly occur in immunocompetent individuals 2. According to the CDC surveillance case definition 1, they are: Infectious bacterial infections: multiple or recurrent ca...
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Atoll sign (lungs)

The atoll sign or reversed halo sign refers to focal ground-glass opacity with a peripheral ring of consolidation which may be complete or incomplete. The sign was originally described in organizing pneumonia but can also occur in infections, infarction, granulomatous disease, inflammation and t...
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Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia is caused by a direct chemical insult due to the entry of a foreign substance, solid or liquid, into the respiratory tract. Epidemiology Risk factors alcohol intoxication general anesthesia loss of consciousness structural abnormalities of the pharynx and esophagus ne...
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Bleomycin lung toxicity

Bleomycin lung toxicity is an uncommon but recognized complication that can occur with the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin. Pathology Bleomycin Bleomycin is an antitumour antibiotic which was initially isolated from a strain of Streptomyces verticillus in 1966. It is commonly used (either alo...
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Interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term that encompasses a large number of disorders that are characterized by diffuse cellular infiltrates in a periacinar location. The spectrum of conditions included is broad, ranging from occasional self-limited inflammatory processes to severe de...
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Reticular and linear pulmonary opacification

In chest radiology, reticular and linear opacification refers to a broad subgroup of pulmonary opacification caused by a decrease in the gas to soft tissue ratio due to a pathological process centered in or around the pulmonary interstitium. This includes thickening of any of the interstitial co...
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Reticular interstitial pattern

Reticular interstitial pattern is one of the patterns of linear opacification in the lung. It can either mean a plain film or HRCT/CT feature.  Pathology Causes Reticulation can be subdivided by the size of the intervening pulmonary lucency into fine, medium and coarse. Diseases with a predom...
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Interstitial lung pattern (radiograph)

An interstitial lung pattern is a regular descriptive term used when reporting a plain chest radiograph. It is the result of the age-old attempt to make the distinction between an interstitial and airspace (alveolar) process to narrow the differential diagnosis. A re-read of the timeless work o...
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Adult chest radiograph common exam pathology

Adult chest radiograph common exam pathology is essential to consider in the build up to radiology exams. The list of potential diagnoses is apparently endless, but there are some favorites that seem to appear with more frequency. When dealing with the adult chest radiograph in the exam setting...
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Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (DPH) is a subtype of pulmonary hemorrhage where bleeding into the lung is diffuse (cf. focal pulmonary hemorrhage). If the bleeding is into the alveolar spaces, it can be further subclassified as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Epidemiology Associations pulmon...
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Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is an idiopathic condition characterized by the alveoli filling with an inflammatory, eosinophil-rich infiltrate. Classically on imaging, it appears as chronic consolidation with upper zone and peripheral predominance. Epidemiology Most patients are middle ...
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Tuberculous peritonitis

Tuberculous peritonitis is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis affecting the peritoneum. It is frequently seen in association with other forms of gastrointestinal tuberculosis 6. Epidemiology Tuberculosis is usually confined to the respiratory system but may involve any organ system 1. Extra...
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Lobar pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia, also known as non-segmental pneumonia or focal non-segmental pneumonia 7, is a radiological pattern associated with homogeneous and fibrinosuppurative consolidation of one or more lobes of a lung in response to bacterial pneumonia.  The radiological appearance of lobar pneumoni...
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a form of hospital-acquired pneumonia (considered the commonest form 3). Terminology Ventilator-associated pneumonia is defined as pneumonia occurring more than 48 hours after patients have been intubated and started on mechanical ventilation 5. Epidem...
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Atypical pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia is a term used inconsistently through time and in different parts of the world. Unless clarified, the term is an unhelpful addition to radiology reports. It generally refers to non-lobar pneumonias that do not respond to beta-lactam antibiotics and that cause upper and lower r...
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Bronchopneumonia

Bronchopneumonia, also sometimes known as lobular pneumonia, is a radiological pattern associated with suppurative peribronchiolar inflammation and subsequent patchy consolidation of one or more secondary lobules of a lung in response to bacterial pneumonia.  Epidemiology Pneumonia is the most...