Items tagged “knee”

The popliteofibular ligament (PFL) belongs to the lateral supporting structures of the knee and is one of the three primary stabilizers of the posterolateral corner 1-6. Gross anatomy It is a flattened, thick, and fan-shaped structure of the width of the popliteus muscle and two divisions 1. I...

Trochlear dysplasia is a morphological deformity of the femoral trochlea and a known association with patellofemoral instability. Epidemiology The reported prevalence of trochlear dysplasia in recurrent patellar dislocations is ~80% (range 74-85%) 1,15. The latter is most common in the adolesc...

The meniscotibial ligaments, also known as coronary ligaments, attach the knee menisci to the tibial plateau 1-6 and have a role in rotatory knee stability and anterior tibial translation 7-10. Gross anatomy The meniscotibial ligaments attach the menisci to the tibial condyles at various locat...

The medial collateral ligament bursa is one of the bursae of the knee with the shape of a vertically expanding compartment located between the superficial and deep portions of the medial collateral ligament 1-5. The bursa is usually located in the middle third of the knee, with the anterior marg...

The deep infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its superficial, subcutaneous counterpart. Gross anatomy It is located above the tibial tubercle immediately superior to the distal patellar tendon insertion and posterior to the lower third ...

The subcutaneous or superficial infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its deep counterpart. Gross anatomy It is located in the subcutaneous tissue between the distal patellar tendon insertion at the tibial tuberosity and the overlying ski...

Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries comprise sprains, tears and ruptures as well as avulsion fractures of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). They occur regularly in association with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocations and are also found in the setting of multi-ligament knee...

The popliteus bursa also known as subpopliteal recess is a synovial lined knee expansion or recess and located in the posterolateral corner of the knee. Gross anatomy The popliteus bursa is an expansion of the synovial membrane positioned between the posterior portion of the lateral meniscus a...

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and represent one type of many cyst-like lesions around the knee. Terminology Posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts are also referred to as 'posterior cruciate ligament cysts' or 'ganglia' 1. Epidemiology...

Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and are the most common mass-like lesions within the Hoffa fat pad. Epidemiology Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are rare and less common than cruciate ligament ganglion cysts 1,2. Clinical presentation Ganglia within Hoffa’s fat p...

Deep infrapatellar bursitis refers to an inflammation of the deep infrapatellar bursa and is an uncommon condition in children. Epidemiology Risk factors Sports and activities involving a great amount of running and jumping are considered risk factors for developing deep infrapatellar bursiti...