Items tagged “liver”
242 results found



Article
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome, also known as hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO), refers to the clinical picture that occurs when there is partial or complete obstruction of the hepatic veins.
There is no clear consensus regarding the number of occluded veins, some authors claim that there should...
Article
Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinomas (commonest type of bile duct cancers) are malignant epithelial tumors arising from the biliary tree, excluding the gallbladder or ampulla of Vater. Cholangiocarcinoma is the third most common primary hepatobiliary malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gallbladde...
Article
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis (plural: cirrhoses) is the common endpoint of a wide variety of chronic liver disease processes which cause hepatocellular necrosis. Cirrhosis can be diagnosed with ultrasound, CT, and MRI, and these imaging modalities can also be used to evaluate for possible complications of cirrhosi...
Article
Focal hepatic steatosis
Focal hepatic steatosis, also known as focal hepatosteatosis or (erroneously) focal fatty infiltration, represents small areas of liver steatosis. In many cases, the phenomenon is believed to be related to the hemodynamics of a third inflow.
Terminology
The term 'fatty infiltration of the li...
Article
Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder characterized by a progressive increase in total body iron stores and deposition of iron in some non-reticuloendothelial system (RES) body organs which results in some instances of organ dysfunction.
This article focuses on the general principles of ...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also called hepatoma, is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is strongly associated with cirrhosis, from both alcohol and viral etiologies. Hepatocellular carcinomas constitute approximately 5% of all cancers partly due to the high endemic rates of...
Article
Hypervascular liver lesions
Hypervascular liver lesions are findings that enhance more or similarly to the background hepatic parenchyma in the late arterial phase, on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI.
Differential diagnosis
Non-neoplastic
vascular shunts / fistulas
intrahepatic arterioportal shunt - arterioportal fistula 8...
Article
Mallory bodies
Mallory bodies are cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in hepatocytes, associated with ballooning and inflammation, found in:
alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
cholestasis
Article
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >5 mmHg. Hepatic venous pressure gradient is a surrogate for the portosystemic pressure gradient. Clinically significant portal hypertension is defined as a gradient >10 mmHg and variceal bleeding may occur at a gradient...
Article
Hepatic hydatid infection
Hepatic hydatid disease is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm. In the liver, two species are most commonly recognized as causing disease in humans:
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
For a general discussion, and links to other system-specific manifestat...
Article
Variant hepatic arterial anatomy
Variation in hepatic arterial anatomy is seen in 40-45% of people. Classic branching of the common hepatic artery from the celiac artery, and the proper hepatic artery into right and left hepatic arteries to supply the entire liver, is seen in 55-60% of the population.
Terminology
An accessor...
Article
Liver
The liver is the largest abdominal organ. It plays a major role in metabolism and has many functions, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. It is one of the very few organs that has the ability to regenerat...
Article
Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament is a broad and thin peritoneal ligament. It is sickle-shaped and a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus.
Gross anatomy
The falciform ligament is situated in an anteroposterior plane but lies obliquely so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the ...
Article
Hepatomegaly
Hepatomegaly refers to an increase in size or enlargement of the liver.
Pathology
Etiology
Hepatomegaly can result from a vast range of pathology including, but not limited to, the following:
malignancy/cellular infiltrate
multiple metastases
lymphoma(s)
leukemia(s)
hepatocellular carci...
Case
Focal nodular hyperplasia - very large

Diagnosis almost certain
Published 15 Aug 2009
59% complete
CT
Article
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a regenerative mass lesion of the liver and the second most common benign liver lesion (the most common is a hemangioma). Many focal nodular hyperplasias have characteristic radiographic features on multimodality imaging, but some lesions may be atypical in app...
Case
Epiploic appendagitis and fatty liver

Diagnosis almost certain
Published 20 Aug 2009
62% complete
CT
Article
Diffuse hepatic steatosis
Diffuse hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver, is a common imaging finding and can lead to difficulties assessing the liver appearances, especially when associated with focal fatty sparing.
Terminology
The term 'fatty infiltration of the liver' is often erroneously used to describe live...
Case
Submassive hepatic necrosis

Diagnosis almost certain
Published 24 Aug 2009
48% complete
MRI
Case
Hepatocellular carcinoma

Diagnosis almost certain
Published 24 Aug 2009
45% complete
CT