Items tagged “musculoskeletal”

Ulnar nerve dislocation (or it if occurs to lesser degree ulnar nerve subluxation) at the elbow is an uncommon cause of pain and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution. It occurs if the ulnar nerve subluxes and then dislocates over the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle during flexion...

Ultrasound of the knee allows high-resolution imaging of superficial knee anatomy while simultaneously allowing dynamic evaluation of some of the tendons and ligaments. Knee ultrasound is somewhat limited compared with ultrasound examinations of other joints because the cruciate ligaments and th...

The Lodwick classification is a system for describing the margins of a lytic bone lesion (or lucent bone lesion). The terms used in the description suggest the level of concern for an aggressive, and possibly malignant, process. Classification type 1: geographic 1A: thin, sclerotic margin 1B...

Acromial apohysiolysis is a finding on shoulder MRI that may be encountered in patients with an unfused acromial apophysis. It is associated with athletes in throwing sports. Clinical presentation Presents with superior shoulder tenderness in a patient <25 years old, often in a young throwing ...

Calcinosis universalis is a condition characterized by long bands or sheets of symmetrical calcifications in skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and tendons 5. It is considered a diffuse form of calcinosis cutis. Clinical presentation It usually presents <20 years of age, and is more common in...

Bent bone dysplasias are a class of bone dysplasia included in a 2010 classification of genetic skeletal disorders 1. campomelic dysplasia Stuve-Weidemann dysplasia kyphomelic dysplasias, a diverse class, including congenital bowing of the long bones cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH; metaphys...

Ainhum, also known as dactylolysis spontanea, is a rare cutaneous condition in which a hyperkeratotic band partially or totally encircles a digit. The constriction thins the underlying bone, which is then prone to fracture. Some cases result in autoamputation. Epidemiology Some have suggested ...

Frostbite is a focal tissue injury from exposure to extremely low temperatures, and most commonly involves the fingers and toes. It is most commonly encountered in radiology in a differential for acro-osteolysis. Pathology Tissue injury from frostbite occurs in two ways 1: direct tissue necro...

Coracoid process fractures are an uncommon type of scapular fracture. They do not often occur in isolation and are often associated with acromial, clavicular, or other scapular fractures, as well as glenohumeral dislocation or acromioclavicular joint injury. Epidemiology Coracoid fractures rep...

The Goutallier classification is a classification system used to quantify the amount of fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles, particularly in the context of rotator cuff tendon tears. Although originally described in shoulder CT 1, it is applicable and now most commonly used in MR. It ...

The Ottawa knee rules are a clinical decision-making strategy for determining which patients require radiographic imaging for knee pain following trauma. A patient with knee pain qualifies for knee radiographs if any of the following apply: 55 years or older point tenderness at the fibular he...

The Pittsburgh knee rules are a clinical decision-making strategy for determining which patients require radiographic imaging for knee pain. A patient with knee pain qualifies for a radiograph if: fall or blunt trauma <12 years old or >50 years old inability to take four steps, regardless of...

Traumatic neuromas may occur from acute or chronic injury to a nerve. Clinical presentation The patient presents with a focal area of pain and tenderness to palpation. There should be a history of injury (including iatrogenic injury, i.e. surgery) to the area. They may develop 1-12 months afte...

Joplin neuromas are rare compression traumatic neuromas, involving the proper digital nerve of the great toe (a branch of the medial plantar nerve). Clinical presentation Pain and tenderness at the first digit metatarsophalangeal joint. More common in soccer players and in patients post bunion...