Items tagged “musculoskeletal”
46 results
Article
Positive metacarpal sign
In the metacarpal sign, a line drawn along the heads of the 4th and 5th metacarpals will intersect the head of the 3rd metacarpal if shortening is present. The shortened 4th metacarpal is the key to the sign.
The sign is positive in up to 9.6% of normal individuals 3. It is however seen in a va...
Article
Osteochondroma
Osteochondromas are a relatively common imaging finding, accounting for 10-15% of all bone tumors and ~35% of all benign bone tumors. Although usually thought of as a benign bone tumor, they may be thought of as a developmental anomaly. They are frequently asymptomatic and have very low malignan...
Article
Paget disease (bone)
Paget disease of the bone is a common, chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by excessive abnormal bone remodeling. The classically described radiological appearances are expanded bone with a coarsened trabecular pattern. The pelvis, spine, skull, and proximal long bones are most frequen...
Article
Parosteal osteosarcoma
Parosteal osteosarcoma is a subtype of osteosarcoma and arises from the outer layer of the periosteum.
Epidemiology
It is the most common type of juxtacortical or surface osteosarcoma and accounts for ~4% of all osteosarcomas 1-3. It typically presents in early adulthood and middle age with a...
Article
Sacroiliac joint injection
Sacroiliac joint injections can be performed using a posterior approach into the sacroiliac (SI) joint under fluoroscopic or CT guidance. It is often performed bilaterally.
Indications
diagnostic: relief of pain after injection of local anesthetic
therapeutic: to relieve pain from degenerativ...
Article
Tumoral calcinosis
Tumoral calcinosis, also known as Teutschlaender disease, is a rare familial condition characterized by painless, periarticular masses. The term should be strictly used to refer to a disease caused by a hereditary metabolic dysfunction of phosphate regulation associated with massive periarticula...
Article
Kirner deformity
A Kirner deformity, also known as dystelephalangy, is characterized by a curvature of the distal phalanx of the 5th digit in both a palmar and radial direction.
Epidemiology
The deformity typically presents in late childhood to early adolescence, although a mild deformity may be present at bir...
Article
Morel-Lavallée lesion
Morel-Lavallée lesions are closed degloving injuries associated with severe trauma which then present as hemolymphatic collections or masses occurring deep to subcutaneous plane due to disruption of capillaries. MRI and ultrasound are useful modalities for evaluation.
Terminology
The lesions c...
Article
Lipoma
Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature adipocytes. They are the most common soft tissue tumor, seen in ~2% of the population.
Epidemiology
Patients typically present in adulthood (5th-7th decades).
Associations
In some cases, multiple lipomas are associated with syndromes and other di...
Article
Köhler disease
Köhler disease is an eponymous term referring to childhood-onset osteonecrosis of the navicular in the foot. Müller-Weiss syndrome is the adult counterpart of navicular osteonecrosis 4,5.
Epidemiology
Köhler disease typically presents in the pediatric population (4-6 years of age) and there is...
Article
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also known as cleidocranial dysplasia, is a rare skeletal dysplasia with predominantly membranous bone involvement, which carries an autosomal dominant inheritance 4.
Clinical presentation
large head, with large fontanelles with delayed closure
broad mandible
...
Article
Osteoblastoma
Osteoblastomas are rare bone-forming tumors that may be locally aggressive. Compared to their histological relative, the osteoid osteoma, they are larger (>2 cm) and more frequently affect the axial skeleton 1.
Osteoblastoma accounts for the 'O' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions F...
Article
Ganglion cyst
Ganglion cysts are non-malignant cystic masses that occur in association with musculoskeletal structures. They are the most common soft tissue mass in the hand and wrist.
Terminology
Ganglion cysts are sometimes also simply referred to as ganglia or a ganglion, but should not be confused with...
Article
Superficial infrapatellar bursitis
Infrapatellar bursitis (or clergyman's knee) occurs with inflammation of bursae around the insertion of the distal patellar tendon. The inflamed bursa may be:
superficial/subcutaneous: anterior to the distal patellar tendon
deep: posterior to the distal patellar tendon, in the region of the in...
Article
CLOVES syndrome
CLOVES syndrome is an acronym denoting a rare condition consisting of:
Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth
Vascular malformations
Epidermal nevi
Skeletal/Scoliosis/Spinal anomalies
Terminology
Although first described as CLOVE the term "CLOVES" syndrome, with the "S" emphasizing the skeletal ...
Article
Arcade of Frohse
The arcade of Frohse (pronounced "\ˈfʁoːzə \") is also known as the supinator arch.
The arcade is formed by a fibrous band between the two heads of the supinator muscle. The deep branch of the radial nerve passes beneath the arcade accompanied by vessels known as the leash of Henry.
Radiograph...
Article
Snapping triceps syndrome
Snapping triceps syndrome is an uncommon cause of medial elbow pain. It occurs if the triceps insertion subluxates over the medial epicondyle during flexion and extension of the elbow, and two palpable "snaps" may be heard or felt during this motion. It may coexist with ulnar nerve dislocation.
...
Article
Ulnar nerve dislocation (at elbow)
Ulnar nerve dislocation (or it if occurs to lesser degree ulnar nerve subluxation) at the elbow is an uncommon cause of pain and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution. It occurs if the ulnar nerve subluxes and then dislocates over the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle during flexion...
Article
Ultrasound of the knee
Ultrasound of the knee allows high-resolution imaging of superficial knee anatomy while simultaneously allowing dynamic evaluation of some of the tendons and ligaments. Knee ultrasound is somewhat limited compared with ultrasound examinations of other joints because the cruciate ligaments and th...
Article
Lodwick classification of lytic bone lesions
The Lodwick classification is a system for describing the margins of a lytic bone lesion (or lucent bone lesion). The terms used in the description suggest the level of concern for an aggressive, and possibly malignant, process.
Classification
type 1: geographic
1A: thin, sclerotic margin
1B...