Items tagged “neuroanatomy”
116 results found
Article
Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are variant anatomical arterial communications between the anterior and posterior circulations due to abnormal embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system. They are named, with the exception of the proatlantal artery, using the crani...
Article
Anterior cerebral artery
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA), along with the middle cerebral artery (MCA) forms at the termination of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It is the smaller of the two and arches anteromedially to pass anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum, dividing as it does so into its two major bra...
Article
Anterior communicating artery
The anterior communicating artery (often abbreviated ACom or AComm) arises from the anterior cerebral artery and acts as an anastomosis between the left and right anterior cerebral circulation. Approximately 4 mm in length, it demarcates the junction between the A1 and A2 segments of the anterio...
Article
Posterior cerebral artery
The posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of the basilar artery and supply the occipital lobes and posteromedial temporal lobes.
Summary
origin: terminal branches of the basilar artery
course: from basilar towards occiput
main branches
posterior communicatin...
Article
Superior cerebellar artery
The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises from the distal basilar artery, just below the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and typically supplies:
whole superior surface of the cerebellar hemispheres down to the great horizontal fissure
superior vermis
dentate nucleus
most of the ...
Article
Superficial middle cerebral vein
The superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV), also known as the Sylvian vein, is one of the superficial cerebral veins. It usually courses along the Sylvian fissure posteroanteriorly and drains numerous small tributaries from the opercular areas around the lateral sulcus. It curves anteriorly aro...
Article
Wormian bone
Wormian bones (also known as intrasutural bones) is the name given to the additional small bones sometimes found between the cranial sutures of the bones of the skull vault, most commonly in relation to the lambdoid suture. Some reserve the term Wormian bones to just the intrasutural bones proxi...
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Midbrain
The midbrain, or mesencephalon (plural: mesencephala or mesencephalons), is the most rostral part of the brainstem and sits above the pons and is adjoined rostrally to the thalamus. During development, the midbrain forms from the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube.
When vi...
Article
Pons
The pons (TA: pons; plural: pontes 3), a.k.a. pons Varolii, is the middle portion of the three contiguous parts of the brainstem, sitting above the medulla and below the midbrain. It acts as a relay between the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres.
Gross anatomy
The pons has a bulbous shape an...
Article
Corpora quadrigemina
The corpora quadrigemina (Latin for "quadruplet bodies", singular: corpus quadrigeminum) are the four colliculi, two inferior and two superior, that sit on the quadrigeminal plate on the posterior surface of the midbrain.
The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision and hearing:...
Article
Tegmentum
The tegmentum is one of the areas of the brainstem. It is a phylogenetically old part of the brainstem and, in adults, is the location of the brainstem nuclei 1. It is located centrally between the distinctive basal (ventral) features of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and the ventricular system...
Article
Cerebral peduncles
The cerebral peduncles are the anterior part of the midbrain that connects the brainstem to the thalami. They are paired, separated by the interpeduncular cistern, and contain the large white matter tracts that run to and from the cerebrum.
Terminology
The crus cerebri (cerebral crus) usually ...
Article
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a paired neural structure composed of the two cerebral hemispheres (left and right) each containing a central space, the lateral ventricle. It develops from the telencephalon.
Gross anatomy
The cerebrum takes up most of the intracranial cavity and lies above the tentorium cereb...
Article
Claustrum
The claustrum (plural: claustra) is a vertical curved sheet of subcortical grey matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. It is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex. It is not part of the basal ganglia.
There are l...
Article
Pineal gland
The pineal gland is a small unpaired pine-cone shaped endocrine organ considered to be part of the epithalamus. It is situated in the midline anterior to the quadrigeminal cistern and secrete melatonin hence regulates the circadian cycle.
Gross anatomy
The pineal gland typically measures arou...
Article
Thalamus
The thalamus (plural: thalami) is the largest of the structures comprising the diencephalon.
Function
The thalamus acts as a relay center, receiving and distributing information between the peripheries and higher centers such as the cerebral cortices. It contributes to functions such as:
cons...
Article
Subarachnoid cisterns
The subarachnoid cisterns, or basal cisterns, are compartments within the subarachnoid space where the pia mater and arachnoid membrane are not in close approximation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) forms pools or cisterns (Latin: "box"). As they are interconnected, their patency is essential for ...
Article
Cisterna magna
The cisterna magna (also known as the posterior cerebellomedullary cistern) is the largest of the CSF-filled subarachnoid cisterns.
Gross anatomy
The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at and above the level of the foramen magnum. C...
Article
Quadrigeminal cistern
The quadrigeminal cistern (also known as superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein) is one of the CSF-filled subarachnoid cisterns.
Boundaries
The boundaries of the quadrigeminal cistern are as follows 2:
anterior: quadrigeminal plate of the midbrain (or colliculi)
posterior: t...
Article
Prepontine cistern
The prepontine cistern, or simply pontine cistern, is an unpaired CSF-filled subarachnoid cistern located ventral to the pons and dorsal to the clivus.
It is bounded by arachnoid membranes which separate it from surrounding cisterns.
superiorly the mesencephalic leaf of the membrane of Lilieq...
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