Items tagged “neuroanatomy”
116 results found
Article
Middle cerebellar peduncle
The middle cerebellar peduncles, also known as the brachium pontis, are paired structures connecting the cerebellum to the pons.
Gross anatomy
The middle cerebellar peduncles contain afferent white matter projection fibers which originate in contralateral pontine nuclei. The corticopontocerebe...
Article
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
The inferior cerebellar peduncles are paired structures containing important white matter fiber tracts which connect the cerebellum to the medulla.
Gross anatomy
The inferior cerebellar peduncles are composed of a large restiform body and a small juxtarestiform body.
They contain the followi...
Article
Vermis
The vermis (pl: vermes) of the cerebellum is an unpaired medial structure that separates the cerebellar hemispheres. Its anatomy broadly follows that of the cerebellar hemispheres.
Gross anatomy
The vermis is separated into a small anterior lobe and a much larger posterior lobe by the primary...
Article
Bladder neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy of the bladder is complex, described here is a summary of the co-ordination of micturition.
The bladder acts as a reservoir normally storing 400-500 mL of urine under low pressure (<15 cmH2O) before voluntary voiding can occur at a socially-convenient time. Bladder filling and empt...
Article
Superior olivary nucleus
The superior olivary nuclei (or complex, SOC) are a group of nuclei within the pons contributing to the ascending and descending auditory pathways.
Gross anatomy
The superior olivary nuclei are located in the pons, while the inferior olivary nuclei are located in the medulla. It is generally s...
Article
Inferior olivary nucleus
The inferior olivary nuclei (or ION) are two C-shaped nuclei located within the medulla oblongata, implicated in motor coordination.
Gross anatomy
The inferior olivary nuclei are located in the superior medulla, just below the pons. They are an irregular mass of crenated C-shaped grey matter, ...
Article
Olive
The olive is the ventral oval prominence in the medulla oblongata which contains the inferior olivary nucleus, implicated in motor co-ordination.
Gross anatomy
The olive is a smooth ovoid prominence just below the pons. It is located in the superior medulla, lateral to the pyramid and ventrola...
Article
Wernicke aphasia
Wernicke aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia or sensory aphasia, is a type of fluent aphasia usually caused by injury (e.g. stroke) to the dominant posterior temporal lobe (Wernicke's area) 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Wernicke aphasia has classic effects on speech 1,2:
fluency: fluent spe...
Article
Hypoglossal nucleus
The hypoglossal nuclei, exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve.
Gross Anatomy
The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper me...
Case
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Published
17 Mar 2021
89% complete
MRI
Article
Ascending auditory pathway
Ascending auditory pathway is the intracranial component of the auditory system. It transmits auditory information collected by the inner ear to the primary auditory cortex in the brain via a number of intermediary pathways and structures.
Summary
location: internal auditory canals, brain ste...
Article
Pericapsular nerve group block (ultrasound-guided)
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) blocks are one approach for delivering anesthesia to the hip joint. It is most commonly used in patients with fractures of the hip and bony pelvis 1.
Indications
acetabular fractures 5
pubic rami fractures
proximal femoral fractures
intertrochanteric fractur...
Article
Dual stream language processing models
The dual stream language processing models (dorsal and ventral) have replaced the historic model that only included the Broca's and Wernicke's areas and the arcuate fasciculus 1.
Function
The dorsal stream is responsible for phonological processing and language production (sound/sign to actio...
Article
Broca aphasia
Broca aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia or motor aphasia, is a type of non-fluent aphasia thought to be caused by injury (e.g. stroke) to Broca's area and the surrounding frontal fields 1,2, although there is controversy regarding the exact localization that leads to Broca aphasia 3.
Cl...
Case
Medial longitudinal fasciculus and associated defects (diagram)
Published
28 Aug 2022
44% complete
Diagram
Article
Posterior communicating artery duplication
Posterior communicating artery duplication is a rare variation of the posterior communicating artery, which connects the posterior cerebral artery circulation to the internal carotid artery.
Epidemiology
Duplication has an estimated incidence of 3% 1.
Gross anatomy
Duplication is said to occ...
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