Items tagged “nuclear medicine”
49 results found
Article
Ioflupane (I-123)
Ioflupane (I-123) is a radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease and its differential diagnoses, e.g. essential tremor versus tremor due to parkinsonian syndromes (idiopathic Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy).
Characteristics
iodin...
Article
Parathyroid adenoma
Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors of the parathyroid glands and are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Epidemiology
Associations
There is an association with multiple endocrine neoplasia types I (MEN1) and IV (MEN4).
Clinical presentation
Patients typically present w...
Article
Radioisotope spills
Radioisotope spills are classified as major or minor.
Examples of major spills include quantities equal to or larger than:
1mCi I-131
100 mCi Tc-99m or Tl-201
10 mCi Ga-67, In-111, or I-123
Article
Gallium-67 scintigraphy
Gallium-67 (Ga-67) is a photon-emitting radiotracer used for scintigraphy which is used in the form of various salts like citrate and nitrate. Once administered, imaging may consist of planar (2 dimensional), SPECT, and SPECT-CT acquisitions. Once injected it binds to plasma proteins (especially...
Article
Positron emission tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a modern non-invasive imaging technique for quantification of radioactivity in vivo. It involves the intravenous injection of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, waiting to allow for systemic distribution, and then scanning for detection and quantificat...
Article
SPECT vs PET
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are nuclear medicine imaging techniques which provide metabolic and functional information unlike CT and MRI.
They have been combined with CT and MRI to provide detailed anatomical and metabolic informatio...
Article
Postoperative assessment after thyroid cancer surgery
Postoperative assessment after thyroid cancer surgery is performed in the surgical bed and regional lymph nodes, looking for possible recurrence of disease.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
usually performed in first 6-12 months, and then as needed by the patient's risk factors 1
suspicious ...
Article
SeHCAT
SeHCAT™ (23-seleno-25-homo-tauro-cholic acid or tauroselcholic acid) is a radiopharmaceutical used in the investigation of bile salt malabsorption, which is a cause of chronic diarrhea.
Characteristics
physical half-life: 118 days
Uses, dosage and timings
A capsule containing SeHCAT is inge...
Article
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 (131I or I-131) is a radioisotope of iodine, which is used in the diagnosis, treatment and theranostic approach (diagnostic scan and radionuclide therapy 3 ) of thyroid lesions. It is one of the oldest radiotracers used in nuclear medicine, in use for over 50 years. It is predominate...
Article
Indium-111 OncoScint
Indium-111 OncoScint is a radiopharmaceutical used in SPECT imaging. It is a labeled monoclonal antibody that is directed against TAG-72, which is a tumor-associated antigen associated with ~95% of colorectal carcinomas and 100% of ovarian carcinomas 1,2. Background hepatic uptake limits sensiti...
Article
Hepatobiliary imaging in nuclear medicine
Hepatobiliary imaging in nuclear medicine can be accomplished with multiple different radiotracers to help evaluate the liver, gallbladder and the biliary ducts. The choice of tracer depends on the clinical question.
Common tracers include:
Tc-99m IDA (iminodiacetic acid) analogs: most commonl...
Article
Tc99m IDA (iminodiacetic acid) analogs
Tc99m IDA (iminodiacetic acid) analogs are hepatobiliary agents in nuclear medicine, used in cholescintigraphy.
These include:
Tc99m-DISIDA: diisopropyl IDA, also known as Hepatolite
Tc99m-Mebrofenin: trimethyl bromo IDA, Choletec TM
Tc99m-PIPIDA: paraisopropyl iminodiacetic acid
The use of...
Article
Cholescintigraphy
Cholescintigraphy is the use of radiotracers to assess the anatomy and function of the biliary system (and the liver indirectly). Currently, this is most commonly performed with Tc-99m-IDA analogs 1, and "hepatic IDA" imaging gave rise to the more common term "HIDA scan."
Indications
Cholescin...
Article
V/Q scan
V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan is a scintigraphic examination of the lung that evaluates pulmonary vasculature perfusion and segmental bronchoalveolar tree ventilation.
Indications
diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism
monitor pulmonary function following lung transplant
pro...
Article
D-SPECT
D-SPECT represents the next step in the evolution of SPECT technology and is based on a unique acquisition geometry. It has nine arrays of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, each of which rotates around its central axis with programmable angular rotation 1. The detectors are very compact al...
Article
Indium-111 oxine labeled white blood cell scan
Indium-111 oxine labeled white blood cell (WBC) scan (or In-111 oxine labeled white blood cell scan) is a nuclear medicine test which attempts to localize infection and/or inflammation by injecting the patient's previously extracted and radioactively-labeled white blood cells.
Procedure
The p...
Article
PET radiotracers
A PET radiotracer (also known as PET tracer) is a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical used in positron emission tomography (PET). Each tracer consists of a positron-emitting isotope (radioactive tag) bound to an organic ligand (targeting agent). The ligand component of each tracer interacts wi...
Article
Krenning score of neuroendocrine tumor uptake
The Krenning score is a proposed semi-quantitative method of assessing the degree of tracer uptake on octreotide scintigraphy.
Parameters
Initially designed for assessment of 111In-DTPA on planar imaging, the Krenning score is applicable to SPECT or PET-CT using various radiopharmaceuticals.
...
Article
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) embolism
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) embolism is a condition which results in a uniform intense FDG-avid pulmonary focus without any underlying structural CT correlate with an unremarkable follow-up PET-CT scan 1. It is thought to occur as a result of clumping of FDG with blood when the blood is withdr...
Article
Theranostics
Theranostics, also known as theragnostics 6, uses a diagnostic examination to determine if a patient may benefit from a specific therapeutic drug and thus couples the therapy with diagnostic information specific for the intended target 2.
Theranostics promises improved patient selection for th...
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