Items tagged “oesophagus”
40 results found
Article
Achalasia
Achalasia (primary achalasia) is a failure of organized esophageal peristalsis that causes impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, resulting in food stasis and often marked dilatation of the esophagus.
Obstruction of the distal esophagus from other non-functional etiologies, not...
Article
Epidermolysis bullosa
Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a rare group of genetically determined conditions characterized by blistering of the skin. This can be limited to the soles and palms or extensive whole body involvement. Mutations in more than 20 different genes have been reported that contribute to the disease's...
Article
Feline esophagus
Feline esophagus also known as esophageal shiver, refers to the transient transverse bands seen in the mid and lower esophagus on a double-contrast barium swallow.
Pathology
The appearance is almost always associated with active gastro-esophageal reflux 2,3 and is thought to be due to contract...
Article
Esophageal web
Esophageal webs refer to an esophageal constriction caused by a thin mucosal membrane projecting into the lumen.
Epidemiology
Esophageal webs tend to affect middle-aged females.
Clinical presentation
Patients are usually asymptomatic and the finding may be incidental and unimportant. However...
Article
Esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal carcinoma is globally the 7th most common cancer and 6th most common cause of cancer-related death as per NCCN version 3.2023. It tends to present with increasing dysphagia, initially to solids and progressing to liquids as the tumor increases in size, obstructing the lumen of the eso...
Article
Esophageal and esophagogastric junction squamous cell carcinoma (staging)
Esophageal and esophagogastric junction squamous cell carcinoma staging refers to TNM staging of squamous cell carcinoma originating in the esophagus or esophagogastric junction (including tumors whose center is within the proximal 2 cm of the gastric cardia).
Related histologies included in th...
Article
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stricture refers to any persistent intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus.
Terminology
The term peptic stricture refers specifically to those benign esophageal strictures caused by chronic acid reflux, although some - incorrectly - use it more loosely to refer to any benign esophagea...
Article
Gastro-esophageal junction
The gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) (also known as the esophagogastric junction) is the part of the gastrointestinal tract where the esophagus and stomach are joined.
Gross anatomy
The GEJ is normally mostly intra-abdominal and is 3-4 cm in length. To some extent, the esophagus slides in and ...
Article
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), often shortened to reflux disease, is a spectrum of disease that occurs when gastric acid refluxes from the stomach into the lower end of the esophagus across the lower esophageal sphincter.
Epidemiology
It affects 10% to 20% of the adult population in ...
Article
Schatzki ring
A Schatzki ring, also called a Schatzki-Gary ring, is a symptomatic, narrow esophageal B-ring occurring in the distal esophagus and usually associated with a hiatus hernia.
Epidemiology
Relatively common, lower esophageal rings are found in ~6-14% of oesophagrams 9.
Associations
More than ...
Article
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula is a congenital pathological communication between the trachea and esophagus.
Epidemiology
Tracheo-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia have a combined incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 live births 1-3,5. There is only a minimal hereditary/geneti...
Article
Esophageal atresia (classification)
Esophageal atresia is closely related to tracheo-esophageal fistula and can be divided into1:
type A: isolated esophageal atresia (8%)
type B: proximal fistula with distal atresia (1%)
type C: proximal atresia with distal fistula (85%)
type D: double fistula with intervening...
Article
Feingold syndrome
Feingold syndrome is characterized by the combination of:
microcephaly
digital abnormalities
alimentary tract atresias especially esophageal atresia
Article
Scleroderma (gastrointestinal manifestations)
Gastrointestinal manifestations of scleroderma can occur in up to 90% of patients with scleroderma 2 with the most common site of gastrointestinal involvement being the esophagus. After skin changes and Raynaud phenomenon, gastrointestinal changes are the third most common manifestation of scler...
Article
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Plummer-Vinson syndrome, also known as the Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome, is a very rare condition which comprises a classic triad of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia and upper esophageal webs.
Epidemiology
The incidence of Plummer-Vinson syndrome has plummeted in the past fifty years and thi...
Article
Esophageal leiomyomatosis
Esophageal leiomyomatosis is rare benign condition.
Epidemiology
It usually presents at childhood. There is a recognized increased female predilection.
Pathology
It is considered a hamartomatous condition and is associated with abnormal diffuse proliferation of smooth muscle fibers in distal...
Article
Esophageal pseudodiverticulosis
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis is an uncommon condition in which there are numerous small outpouchings within the esophageal wall.
Epidemiology
It is a rare condition, found in <1% of esophagograms. It may occur at any age, but is more common between 50 and 70 years. There is a sli...
Article
Esophageal duplication
Duplication of the esophagus has a range of macroscopic appearances from complete (very rare) to partial cystic duplication (esophageal duplication cyst). It is the second most common gastrointestinal tract duplication after that of the ileum.
Epidemiology
A complete duplication is a rare malf...
Article
Boerhaave syndrome
Boerhaave syndrome refers to an esophageal rupture secondary to forceful vomiting and retching.
Epidemiology
It tends to be more prevalent in males, with alcoholism a risk factor. The estimated incidence is ~ 1:6000.
Clinical presentation
They are often associated with the clinical triad (Ma...
Article
Hypercontracting (nutcracker) esophagus
Hypercontracting (nutcracker) esophagus is a motility disorder of the esophagus. This condition is primarily diagnosed with manometry with high intra-esophageal pressure and normal peristalsis. Most patients will have a normal barium swallow.
Hypercontracting esophagus ("nutcracker esophagus")...
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