Items tagged “orthopaedics”

90 results found
Article

Lisfranc injury

Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Pathology Anatomy The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatar...
Article

Neck of femur fracture

Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk. Epidemiology The incidenc...
Article

Scaphoid fracture

Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment. Epidemiology Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article

Pathological fracture

Pathological fractures are fractures that occur in abnormal bone and occur spontaneously or following minor trauma that would not otherwise fracture biomechanically normal bone. Terminology The term pathological fracture is usually reserved for tumors, either benign or malignant, although it h...
Article

Odontoid fracture

Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Pathology The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Classification There are two...
Article

Sternoclavicular joint injury

Sternoclavicular joint injuries are uncommon and can vary from a mild joint capsule sprain to serious dislocation. This article is focussed on sternoclavicular joint dislocations.  Epidemiology Most cases result from indirect trauma 5, especially high-speed motor vehicle accidents. They can ra...
Article

Shoulder dislocation

The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Article

Maisonneuve fracture

Maisonneuve fracture refers to a combination of a fracture of the proximal fibula together with an unstable ankle injury (widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray), often comprising ligamentous injury (distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, deltoid ligament) and/or fracture of the medial malleolus. It i...
Article

Line of Klein

The line of Klein describes an arbitrary line drawn along the superior edge of the femoral neck, which is useful in detecting early slipped upper femoral epiphysis in adolescents. The line should normally intersect the lateral aspect of the superior femoral epiphysis. Failure of intersection ca...
Case

Metatarsus adductus

  Diagnosis certain
Basab Bhattacharya
Published 07 Jul 2010
72% complete
X-ray
Article

Elbow dislocation

Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.  Epidemiology Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4. Associations ...
Article

Joint effusion

A joint effusion is defined as an increased amount of fluid within the synovial compartment of a joint. There is normally only a small amount of physiological intra-articular fluid. Abnormal fluid accumulation can result from inflammation, infection (i.e. pus) or trauma and might be exudate, tr...
Article

Latarjet procedure

The Latarjet procedure is an orthopedic procedure in the shoulder where a coracoid bone block is positioned flush with the anterior-inferior border of the glenoid (often with one or more screws). It can be performed as either an open or arthroscopic procedure. It is usually performed for antero-...
Article

Fracture healing

Fracture healing occurs naturally after traumatic bony disruption. This process begins with hemorrhage and progresses through three stages: inflammatory reparative remodeling This process can be supported by various treatment options with immobilization a mainstay; inappropriate treatment ma...
Article

Complications of total hip arthroplasty

Complications of total hip arthroplasty are common and it is essential for the radiologist to be aware of them in the assessment of radiographs of total hip replacements. Complications are many and can occur at various time intervals following the initial surgery: aseptic loosening: consider...
Article

Lateral femoral notch sign (knee)

The (deep) lateral femoral notch sign describes a depression on the lateral femoral condyle at the terminal sulcus, a junction between the weight-bearing tibial articular surface and the patellar articular surface of the femoral condyle. It is occasionally referred to as a deep sulcus sign, not ...
Case

O'Donoghue's unhappy triad

  Diagnosis certain
Mohammad A. ElBeialy
Published 19 Feb 2013
95% complete
MRI
Article

Metal-on-metal pseudotumor

Metal-on-metal pseudotumors represent mass-forming inflammation around a metal-on-metal hip or knee replacement. The term describes one presentation on the spectrum of adverse reaction to metal debris. Clinical presentation Metal-on-metal pseudotumors are large focal solid or semiliquid masses...
Case

Metal-on-metal pseudotumor

  Diagnosis certain
Jan Frank Gerstenmaier
Published 20 Apr 2013
98% complete
Ultrasound X-ray MRI
Case

Isolated distal ulna fracture

  Diagnosis certain
Henry Knipe
Published 17 May 2013
91% complete
X-ray

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