Items tagged “orthopaedics”
49 results found
Article
Lisfranc injury
Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases.
Pathology
Anatomy
The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatar...
Article
Neck of femur fracture
Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk.
Epidemiology
The incidenc...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Pathological fracture
Pathological fractures are fractures that occur in abnormal bone and occur spontaneously or following minor trauma that would not otherwise fracture biomechanically normal bone.
Terminology
The term pathological fracture is usually reserved for tumors, either benign or malignant, although it h...
Article
Odontoid fracture
Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2.
Pathology
The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5.
Classification
There are two...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint injury
Sternoclavicular joint injuries are uncommon and can vary from a mild joint capsule sprain to serious dislocation. This article is focussed on sternoclavicular joint dislocations.
Epidemiology
Most cases result from indirect trauma 5, especially high-speed motor vehicle accidents. They can ra...
Article
Shoulder dislocation
The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Article
Maisonneuve fracture
Maisonneuve fracture refers to a combination of a fracture of the proximal fibula together with an unstable ankle injury (widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray), often comprising ligamentous injury (distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, deltoid ligament) and/or fracture of the medial malleolus. It i...
Article
Line of Klein
The line of Klein describes an arbitrary line drawn along the superior edge of the femoral neck, which is useful in detecting early slipped upper femoral epiphysis in adolescents.
The line should normally intersect the lateral aspect of the superior femoral epiphysis. Failure of intersection ca...
Article
Elbow dislocation
Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.
Epidemiology
Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4.
Associations
...
Article
Joint effusion
A joint effusion is defined as an increased amount of fluid within the synovial compartment of a joint.
There is normally only a small amount of physiological intra-articular fluid. Abnormal fluid accumulation can result from inflammation, infection (i.e. pus) or trauma and might be exudate, tr...
Article
Latarjet procedure
The Latarjet procedure is an orthopedic procedure in the shoulder where a coracoid bone block is positioned flush with the anterior-inferior border of the glenoid (often with one or more screws). It can be performed as either an open or arthroscopic procedure. It is usually performed for antero-...
Article
Fracture healing
Fracture healing occurs naturally after traumatic bony disruption. This process begins with hemorrhage and progresses through three stages:
inflammatory
reparative
remodeling
This process can be supported by various treatment options with immobilization a mainstay; inappropriate treatment ma...
Article
Complications of total hip arthroplasty
Complications of total hip arthroplasty are common and it is essential for the radiologist to be aware of them in the assessment of radiographs of total hip replacements. Complications are many and can occur at various time intervals following the initial surgery:
aseptic loosening: consider...
Article
Lateral femoral notch sign (knee)
The (deep) lateral femoral notch sign describes a depression on the lateral femoral condyle at the terminal sulcus, a junction between the weight-bearing tibial articular surface and the patellar articular surface of the femoral condyle. It is occasionally referred to as a deep sulcus sign, not ...
Article
Metal-on-metal pseudotumor
Metal-on-metal pseudotumors represent mass-forming inflammation around a metal-on-metal hip or knee replacement. The term describes one presentation on the spectrum of adverse reaction to metal debris.
Clinical presentation
Metal-on-metal pseudotumors are large focal solid or semiliquid masses...
Article
Carpometacarpal joint dislocation
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations are uncommon dislocations of the hand.
Epidemiology
There is a strong younger male predominance. These injuries account for less than 1% of hand injuries 4 and are more common in the dominant hand.
Associated injuries
The following injuries should rai...
Article
Calcaneal inclination axis
The calcaneal inclination axis is drawn between the most inferior portion of the calcaneal tuberosity and the most distal and inferior point of the calcaneus at the calcaneocuboid joint on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. It can be used to draw the calcaneal inclination angle.
Article
Mid-talar axis
The mid-talar axis represents a line drawn down the longitudinal axis of the talus and can be drawn on lateral and DP radiographs.
Measurement
Independent on the view on which the line is drawn, it should bisect the neck of the talus and the head.
On the lateral and DP views, the line should...
Article
Calcaneal inclination angle
The calcaneal inclination angle, also known as the calcaneal pitch, is useful in assessing medial arch height.
Measurement
This angle is formed on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph between the calcaneal inclination axis (i.e. most inferior part of the calcaneus) and the supporting hori...
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