Items tagged “paediatrics”

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a relatively common condition that occurs in preterm neonates resulting from insufficient production of surfactant.  Terminology Respiratory distress syndrome is also known as hyaline membrane disease (this term is not favored as it reflects non-specific ...

The beta angle is a measurement used in the ultrasonographic assessment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Measurement The angle is formed by the cartilaginous roof to the vertical cortex of the ilium and thus reflects the femoral head cartilaginous coverage Technique for drawing th...

Ebstein anomaly is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly, characterized by a variable developmental anomaly of the tricuspid valve. Epidemiology The anomaly accounts for only ~0.5% of congenital cardiac defects 6,7, although it is the most common cause of congenital tricuspid regurgitation. T...

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life. It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...

Epiglottitis, also known as supraglottitis, is a life-threatening condition caused by inflammation of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds 1, which can lead to acute airway obstruction. Epidemiology The traditional age of presentation is in children of 3 to 6 years, although this has been ch...

Pediatric urinary tract infections are common and are a source of significant imaging in young children. Epidemiology Pediatric urinary tract infections affect up to 2.8% of all children every year, with approximately 2% of boys and 8% or more of girls developing a urinary tract infection at s...

Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also known as cleidocranial dysplasia, is a rare skeletal dysplasia with predominantly membranous bone involvement, which carries an autosomal dominant inheritance 4. Clinical presentation large head, with large fontanelles with delayed closure broad mandible ...

Caput succedaneum is a manifestation of birth trauma, and it consists of a subcutaneous serosanguineous fluid collection external to the galea aponeurosis in the newborn's scalp. The fluid collection is extra-periosteal. It may be imaged with ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Caput succedaneum results fr...

Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are commonly used in neonates for vascular access and should be carefully assessed for position on all neonatal films.  Position An umbilical venous catheter generally passes directly superiorly and remains relatively anterior in the abdomen. It passes through...

Juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (JGCT) are a less common subtype of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (~5% of cases). They are classified as ovarian sex cord / stromal tumors. Epidemiology It typically occurs in premenarchal girls and young women. The mean age of presentation is 13...

An elbow joint effusion is a key finding to recognize on an elbow radiograph and should be used as a trigger to search for a fracture.  Finding an effusion  Recognizing an elbow joint effusion on lateral radiographs is an essential radiology skill. While the fluid itself is not discretely seen...

Kabuki syndrome (Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare polydysplasia that is thought to be more common in Japan. Epidemiology The estimated incidence is 1:32.000 in Japan. It is sporadically seen elsewhere in the world. The reason for the disparity in incidence is controversial. Clinical present...