Items tagged “paediatrics”
20 results found
Article
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a relatively common condition that occurs in preterm neonates resulting from insufficient production of surfactant.
Terminology
Respiratory distress syndrome is also known as hyaline membrane disease (this term is not favored as it reflects non-specific ...
Article
Beta angle (developmental dysplasia of the hip)
The beta angle is a measurement used in the ultrasonographic assessment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Measurement
The angle is formed by the cartilaginous roof to the vertical cortex of the ilium and thus reflects the femoral head cartilaginous coverage
Technique for drawing th...
Article
Ebstein anomaly
Ebstein anomaly is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly, characterized by a variable developmental anomaly of the tricuspid valve.
Epidemiology
The anomaly accounts for only ~0.5% of congenital cardiac defects 6,7, although it is the most common cause of congenital tricuspid regurgitation. T...
Article
Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life.
It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...
Article
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis, also known as supraglottitis, is a life-threatening condition caused by inflammation of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds 1, which can lead to acute airway obstruction.
Epidemiology
The traditional age of presentation is in children of 3 to 6 years, although this has been ch...
Article
Pediatric urinary tract infection
Pediatric urinary tract infections are common and are a source of significant imaging in young children.
Epidemiology
Pediatric urinary tract infections affect up to 2.8% of all children every year, with approximately 2% of boys and 8% or more of girls developing a urinary tract infection at s...
Article
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also known as cleidocranial dysplasia, is a rare skeletal dysplasia with predominantly membranous bone involvement, which carries an autosomal dominant inheritance 4.
Clinical presentation
large head, with large fontanelles with delayed closure
broad mandible
...
Article
Caput succedaneum
Caput succedaneum is a manifestation of birth trauma, and it consists of a subcutaneous serosanguineous fluid collection external to the galea aponeurosis in the newborn's scalp. The fluid collection is extra-periosteal. It may be imaged with ultrasound, CT, or MRI.
Caput succedaneum results fr...
Article
Umbilical venous catheters
Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are commonly used in neonates for vascular access and should be carefully assessed for position on all neonatal films.
Position
An umbilical venous catheter generally passes directly superiorly and remains relatively anterior in the abdomen. It passes through...
Article
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (ovary)
Juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (JGCT) are a less common subtype of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (~5% of cases). They are classified as ovarian sex cord / stromal tumors.
Epidemiology
It typically occurs in premenarchal girls and young women. The mean age of presentation is 13...
Article
Elbow joint effusion
An elbow joint effusion is a key finding to recognize on an elbow radiograph and should be used as a trigger to search for a fracture.
Finding an effusion
Recognizing an elbow joint effusion on lateral radiographs is an essential radiology skill. While the fluid itself is not discretely seen...
Article
Kabuki syndrome
Kabuki syndrome (Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare polydysplasia that is thought to be more common in Japan.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 1:32.000 in Japan. It is sporadically seen elsewhere in the world. The reason for the disparity in incidence is controversial.
Clinical present...
Article
Gonadoblastoma
Gonadoblastomas are uncommon sex cord / stromal tumors. They are associated with disorders of sexual development (previously known as "intersex disorders").
Epidemiology
The vast majority are found <30 years of age. Most are discovered in the perinatal period. May occur in phenotypic males or ...
Article
Johanson-Blizzard syndrome
Johanson-Blizzard syndrome is a disorder of ectodermal dysplasia with wide variability in its manifestations. It is thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritance.
Clinical presentation
There is wide variability in the clinical presentation, but common features are:
low birth weight
hypo...
Article
Spleen size (pediatric)
The spleen size varies with a child's age.
The three numbers below represent the 10th percentile, median, and 90th percentile for the long axis of the spleen (cm) 1-3:
0-3 months: (3.3, 4.5, 5.8 cm)
3-6 months: (4.9, 5.3, 6.4 cm)
6-12 months: (5.2, 6.2, 6.8 cm)
1-2 years: (5.4, 6.9, 7.5 cm)...
Article
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, also known as levo- or L-loop transposition (L-TGA), is a rare cardiovascular anomaly with inversion of the ventricles and great arteries. See the main article on transposition of the great arteries for discussion of the D-loop subtype....
Article
Extrusion index
The extrusion index, also known as the (Reimers) hip migration index, is a radiographic measurement of femoral head bony coverage by the acetabulum. It is useful in assessing for developmental dysplasia of the hip, femoroacetabular impingement, and assessment of hip subluxation in cerebral palsy...
Article
Lateral center-edge angle
The lateral center-edge angle is a radiographic measurement of the superolateral femoral head bony coverage by the acetabulum. It has since been shown to be superior to the extrusion index in measuring femoral head undercoverage ref.
Usage
The lateral center-edge angle has primarily been desc...
Article
Apophyseal stress injury
Apophyseal stress injury is a chronic overuse injury of the apophysis and a relatively common type of injury in young athletes.
Terminology
This entity has often been termed 'apophysitis'. However, as the suffix '-itis' is usually used in inflammatory-mediated conditions, it is regarded by man...
Article
12q14 microdeletion syndrome
12q14 microdeletion syndrome or osteopoikilosis-short stature-intellectual disability syndrome is caused by heterozygous deletion at the region of 12q14. The microdeletion affects the LEMD3 gene which has already been implicated in osteopoikilosis.
Epidemiology
Prevalence is <1 in 1 million li...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.