Items tagged “pancreas”
52 results found
Article
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis (plural: pancreatitides) is an acute inflammation of the pancreas and potentially life-threatening.
Terminology
Two subtypes of acute pancreatitis are described in the Revised Atlanta Classification 1:
interstitial edematous pancreatitis
the vast majority (90-95%)
most o...
Article
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or tumors (IPMNs or IMPTs) are epithelial pancreatic cystic tumors of mucin-producing cells that arise from the pancreatic ducts. They are most commonly seen in elderly patients.
On imaging, particularly MRCP, they are characterized by single or multipl...
Article
Pancreatic ducts
The exocrine pancreas drains into the gastrointestinal tract via the main and accessory pancreatic ducts. Several anatomical variations of the typical ductal drainage pattern exist, reflecting variations in the embryological development and fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds 13,14....
Article
Pancreatic neoplasms
There are numerous primary pancreatic neoplasms, in part due to the mixed endocrine and exocrine components.
Classification
Classification based on function
exocrine: ~99% of all primary pancreatic neoplasms
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (commonly known as pancreatic cancer) 90-95%
acin...
Article
Pancreatoblastoma
Pancreatoblastomas are rare pediatric tumors of the pancreas. However, they are the most common pancreatic neoplasm of childhood and are often associated with a raised alpha-fetoprotein.
Epidemiology
There is slight male predilection. Usually occurs in the first decade of life with a mean age ...
Article
Pancreas
The pancreas (plural: pancreata) is an unpaired, mostly retroperitoneal organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, with a role in glucose metabolism and digestion.
Gross anatomy
Location
The pancreas is located at approximately the L1-L2 vertebral level in the anterior pararenal space o...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatic pseudocysts are common sequelae of acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis, and the most common cystic lesion of the pancreas. They are important both in terms of management and differentiation from other cystic processes or masses in this region.
Terminology
The following are th...
Article
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a form of chronic pancreatitis associated with autoimmune manifestations on clinical, histological, and laboratory grounds 1.
Distinguishing this entity from other forms of chronic pancreatitis (such as alcohol-induced) is important as steroid treatment is effective b...
Article
Puestow procedure
The Puestow procedure or lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is a lateral side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy that is used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
The pancreas is essentially filleted along its long axis from the uncinate process to the tail and connected to a Roux en-Y loop of je...
Article
Autoimmune pancreatitis (diagnostic criteria)
There are several sets of diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), with some overlap and contradictions.
Several different sets of diagnostic criteria are in use 4.
Asian 2008 AIP diagnostic criteria
both criteria I to be fulfilled
one criterion II
consistent histology
The cr...
Article
Pancreatic metastases
Pancreatic metastases are uncommon and are only found in a minority (3-12%) of patients with widespread metastatic disease at autopsy. They account for only 2-5% of all pancreatic malignancies.
Epidemiology
Demographics will match those of the primary tumor, but in general, will be in elderly ...
Article
Ranson criteria
Ranson criteria are useful in assessing prognosis in early acute pancreatitis. The more of the criteria are met the higher the mortality. Ranson criteria are assessed both at admission and at 48 hours.
Criteria
On admission
age: >55 years
white blood count: >16 000/mL
blood glucose level: >...
Article
Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas
Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, also referred as microcystic adenoma, is an uncommon type of benign cystic pancreatic neoplasm.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized strong female predilection (M:F ~ 1:4) and usually presents in middle age to elderly patients (>60 years of age).
Associatio...
Article
Pancreatic lipomatosis
Pancreatic lipomatosis refers to fat accumulation in the pancreatic parenchyma. This finding is most often associated with obesity and aging. It tends to be the most common pathological condition involving the pancreas. The condition may occasionally simulate a mass-like lesion particularly when...
Article
Pancreatic trauma injury grading
A number of pancreatic injury grading systems have been proposed for pancreatic trauma.
Classifications
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) 5,7
The proximal pancreas is defined as the gland to the right of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)-portal vein axis whereas the dista...
Article
Paraduodenal pancreatitis
Paraduodenal pancreatitis is an uncommon type of focal chronic pancreatitis affecting the groove between the head of the pancreas, the duodenum and the common bile duct.
Terminology
The following entities with which it shares clinicopathological features are unified by this term and should no ...
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), also known as endocrine tumors of the pancreas, arise from pancreatic ductal stem cells and include some distinct tumors that match the cell type of origin.
Terminology
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have commonly been referred to as "islet cell tumo...
Article
Insulinoma
Insulinomas are the most common sporadic endocrine tumor of the pancreas.
On imaging, they usually present as small well-defined hypervascular tumors that may be found anywhere in the pancreas.
Epidemiology
Account for 40% of syndromic pancreatic endocrine tumors. The overall incidence is of...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.