Items tagged “pelvis”

Aggressive angiomyxomas are rare tumors that arise in the pelvis and typically cross the levator ani muscles. Despite its name, it is essentially a benign tumor and the term "aggressive" is due to a predilection for local recurrence. Only rarely does it metastasize. Epidemiology It is seen pre...

The fallopian tube (TA: tuba uterina 8), also known as the uterine tube or, less commonly, the oviduct, is a paired hollow tube that bridges the ovary and uterus and functions to convey the mature ovum from the former to the latter. If conception occurs, it usually does so within the tube, which...

Osteitis pubis is characterized by non-infectious inflammation of the pubic symphysis.  Clinical presentation The presentation is typical with varying degrees of pelvic and/or perineal pain, reproduced on hip adduction.  Pathology Although the etiology is sometimes unknown, the most common c...

Shenton line is an imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. This line should be continuous and smooth1.   Interruption of the Shenton line can indicate (in...

The ovaries (TA: ovarium 9) are paired female gonads of the reproductive and endocrine systems. They lie within the ovarian fossa on the posterior wall of the true pelvis and form part of the adnexa.  Gross anatomy The ovaries are firm and ovoid in shape and measure approximately 1.5-3.0 cm × ...

The cervix or uterine cervix is the lower constricted segment of the uterus providing the passage between the uterus proper and the vagina.  Gross anatomy The cervix is somewhat conical in shape, with its truncated apex directed posteriorly and inferiorly. The inferior aspect of the cervix pro...

The uterus is an extraperitoneal hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ of the female reproductive tract that lies in the lesser pelvis. Gross anatomy The uterus has an inverted pear shape. It measures about 7.5 cm in length, 5 cm wide at its upper part, and nearly 2.5 cm in thickness in adults....

The vagina is a midline fibromuscular tubular organ positioned in the female perineum extending superiorly from the vulva, to the cervix and uterus in the pelvis.  Gross anatomy The vagina is 6-8 cm in length, extending posterosuperior from the vestibule through the urogenital diaphragm to the...

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the posterior pelvic wall and gluteal region of the lower limb. It is an important anatomical landmark.  Summary origin: anterolateral surface of the sacrum course: exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen insertion: greater trochanter of the ...

The sciatic nerve arises from the sacral plexus from the roots of L4-S3 and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the body. Summary origin: sacral plexus (L4-S3) course: exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to enter the ...

The term pelvis (plural: pelvises or pelves) can refer to either the bony pelvis or the pelvic cavity. Bony pelvis The bony pelvis is formed by the sacrum and coccyx and a pair of hip bones ("ossa coxae"), which are part of the appendicular skeleton. Its primary function is the transmission of...

The uterine artery is seen bilaterally and is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Gross anatomy Course It runs medially in the pelvis, within the base of the broad ligament, to the outer surface of the uterus. From lateral to medial it has a descending, transverse ...

The pelvic peritoneal space is the inferior reflection of the peritoneum over the fundus of the urinary bladder and the front of the rectum at the junction of its middle and lower thirds. In females, the reflection is also over the anterior and posterior surface of the uterus and the upper poste...

Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital abnormalities that occur when the Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts) do not develop correctly. This may be as a result of complete agenesis, defective vertical or lateral fusion, or resorption failure. Epidemiology MDAs are estimated to occur...