Items tagged “pm”
99 results found
Article
Osteonecrosis causes (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the causes of osteonecrosis (previously known as avascular necrosis):
STARS
PLASTIC RAGS
ASEPTIC
Mnemonics
STARS
Most common causes:
S: steroids, SLE
T: trauma (e.g. femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, scaphoid fracture, slipped capital femoral epiphysis 2)
A: alcohol ...
Article
Duodenal adenocarcinoma
Duodenal adenocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the duodenum.
Epidemiology
Adenocarcinoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the duodenum. It represents 0.3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and accounts for 50-70% of small bowel adenocarcinomas occurring eit...
Article
Cerebral restricted diffusion
The following intracranial lesions may show a high signal on DWI images, with a corresponding low signal on ADC images.
lesions with intense high signal
acute ischemia
meningiomas
abscess
empyema
cytotoxic cerebral edema
chordoma
intracranial epidermoid cyst
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 6
...
Article
Monoarticular arthropathy
Monoarticular arthropathy can result from a number of causes:
Commonest 2:
gout (15-27%)
septic arthritis (8-27%)
osteoarthritis (5-17%)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (11-16%)
Less common 2:
traumatic arthritis
HADD (hydroxyapatite deposition disease)
reactive arthritis 2
avascular necrosi...
Article
Hatchet sign (ankylosing spondylitis)
The hatchet sign refers to the limited erosion of the lateral aspect of the humeral head that produces a hatchet-shaped deformity. This finding is typically associated with ankylosing spondylitis.
In the absence of osteoporosis and the presence of sclerosis, this sign helps to differentiate it ...
Article
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease
Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD) or calcium apatite deposition disease (CADD) is a disease of uncertain etiology characterized by periarticular and intra-articular calcium deposits.
The shoulder is the most frequently involved site with classic calcific tendinitis presentation. ...
Article
Subcutaneous calcification (differential)
Subcutaneous calcification can be associated with a number of disorders. The list includes:
dermatomyositis
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
pseudoxanthoma elasticum
basal cell nevus syndrome
subcutaneous lipodystrophy
venous thrombosis
as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
varicose v...
Article
Temporal bone destructive lesions (differential)
Destructive lesions of the temporal bone (petrous pyramid, middle ear and antrum) have a relatively broad differential including 1:
lesions affecting petrous pyramid
vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)
meningioma
glioma
neuroma of trigeminal and facial nerve
chordoma
jugular paragang...
Article
Bridging of the pubic symphysis (differential)
Bridging (or fusion) of the pubic symphysis can be associated with various systemic and local causes, including 1-3:
ankylosing spondylitis
ochronosis
fluorosis
surgical fusion
post-traumatic
post-infectious
post-radiation therapy
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
osteitis pubis
myo...
Article
Expansile lytic lesions without cortical destruction of bone (differential)
Expansile lytic bone lesions without cortical destruction can result from various benign and malignant neoplastic pathologies, causes include 1:
unicameral bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst (eccentric)
enchondroma
chondromyxoid fibroma (eccentric)
non-ossifying fibroma (eccentric)
desmoplasti...
Article
Solitary ill-defined osteolytic lesion (differential)
Ill-defined solitary osteolytic lesions can be caused by following entities 1:
intraosseous hemangioma
chondroblastoma
osteoblastoma
giant cell tumor
fibrosarcoma of bone
malignant fibrous histiocytoma
chondrosarcoma
osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
angiosarcoma
multiple myeloma
bone metas...
Article
Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesion (differential)
Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesions can be seen with the following conditions 1,2:
subchondral geodes or cysts
intraosseous ganglion
intraosseous tophus (gout)
unicameral bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst
glomangioma
enchondroma
epidermoid inclusion cyst
chondroblastoma
non-ossifying...
Article
Osteolytic lesions with septations and trabeculations (differential)
Differential diagnosis of lytic bone lesions with septations and trabeculations include 1:
benign lesions
unicameral bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst
giant cell tumor
non-ossifying fibroma
intraosseous lipoma
fibrous dysplasia
Brown tumor
ameloblastoma
adamantinoma
haemophilic pseudotum...
Article
Digastric line
The digastric line, also known as the biventer line, has been described and used to evaluate basilar invagination on frontal skull plain film and coronal CT images.
The digastric line is drawn between right and left digastric grooves, which are located medial to the mastoid apices. These are co...
Article
Bimastoid line
The bimastoid line has been described and used to evaluate basilar invagination on frontal skull plain film and coronal reconstructed CT image.
The bimastoid line is drawn between the inferior tips of the mastoid processes bilaterally. The tip of the odontoid process of C2 normally projects les...
Article
Intracortical osteosarcoma
Intracortical osteosarcoma is the rarest variety of osteosarcoma and represents less than 1% of all osteosarcoma cases.
Epidemiology
Like other subtypes of osteosarcoma, it also typically presents in adolescents and young adults (mean age 19 years). It has a slight male predominance.
Patholog...
Article
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a rare mesenchymal malignant tumor that occurs in the retroperitoneum and soft tissue of extremities without any attachment to bone.
Epidemiology
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in contrast to other subtypes of osteosarcoma occurs infrequently in individuals und...
Article
Hibbs angle
The Hibbs angle, a.k.a. lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle, has been used to identify the apex of deformity in patients with pes cavus on lateral weight-bearing radiographs.
Measurement
The Hibbs angle is formed by the lines running along the axes of the calcaneus and the first metatarsal...
Article
Tuberculosis (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis is always secondary to a primary lesion in the lung.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of the disease is around 30 million globally and 1-3% of the 30 million have involvement of their bones and/or joints. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost all of the c...
Article
Tuberculous arthropathy
Tuberculous arthropathy is a type of musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) and a common cause of infectious arthritis in developing countries. Any pathological joint lesion where the exact diagnosis is equivocal should be considered tubercular in origin unless proven otherwise.
Ple...