Items tagged “pm”

99 results found
Article

Osteonecrosis causes (mnemonic)

Mnemonics for the causes of osteonecrosis (previously known as avascular necrosis): STARS PLASTIC RAGS ASEPTIC Mnemonics STARS Most common causes: S: steroids, SLE T: trauma (e.g. femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, scaphoid fracture, slipped capital femoral epiphysis 2) A: alcohol ...
Article

Duodenal adenocarcinoma

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the duodenum. Epidemiology Adenocarcinoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the duodenum. It represents 0.3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and accounts for 50-70% of small bowel adenocarcinomas occurring eit...
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Cerebral restricted diffusion

The following intracranial lesions may show a high signal on DWI images, with a corresponding low signal on ADC images. lesions with intense high signal acute ischemia meningiomas abscess empyema cytotoxic cerebral edema chordoma intracranial epidermoid cyst Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 6 ...
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Monoarticular arthropathy

Monoarticular arthropathy can result from a number of causes: Commonest 2: gout (15-27%) septic arthritis (8-27%) osteoarthritis (5-17%) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (11-16%) Less common 2: traumatic arthritis HADD (hydroxyapatite deposition disease) reactive arthritis 2 avascular necrosi...
Article

Hatchet sign (ankylosing spondylitis)

The hatchet sign refers to the limited erosion of the lateral aspect of the humeral head that produces a hatchet-shaped deformity. This finding is typically associated with ankylosing spondylitis. In the absence of osteoporosis and the presence of sclerosis, this sign helps to differentiate it ...
Article

Hydroxyapatite deposition disease

Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD) or calcium apatite deposition disease (CADD) is a disease of uncertain etiology characterized by periarticular and intra-articular calcium deposits. The shoulder is the most frequently involved site with classic calcific tendinitis presentation. ...
Article

Subcutaneous calcification (differential)

Subcutaneous calcification can be associated with a number of disorders. The list includes: dermatomyositis Ehlers-Danlos syndrome pseudoxanthoma elasticum basal cell nevus syndrome subcutaneous lipodystrophy venous thrombosis as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus varicose v...
Article

Temporal bone destructive lesions (differential)

Destructive lesions of the temporal bone (petrous pyramid, middle ear and antrum) have a relatively broad differential including 1: lesions affecting petrous pyramid vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) meningioma glioma neuroma of trigeminal and facial nerve chordoma jugular paragang...
Article

Bridging of the pubic symphysis (differential)

Bridging (or fusion) of the pubic symphysis can be associated with various systemic and local causes, including 1-3: ankylosing spondylitis ochronosis fluorosis surgical fusion post-traumatic post-infectious post-radiation therapy osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis osteitis pubis myo...
Article

Expansile lytic lesions without cortical destruction of bone (differential)

Expansile lytic bone lesions without cortical destruction can result from various benign and malignant neoplastic pathologies, causes include 1: unicameral bone cyst aneurysmal bone cyst (eccentric) enchondroma chondromyxoid fibroma (eccentric) non-ossifying fibroma (eccentric) desmoplasti...
Article

Solitary ill-defined osteolytic lesion (differential)

Ill-defined solitary osteolytic lesions can be caused by following entities 1: intraosseous hemangioma chondroblastoma osteoblastoma giant cell tumor fibrosarcoma of bone malignant fibrous histiocytoma chondrosarcoma osteosarcoma Ewing sarcoma angiosarcoma multiple myeloma bone metas...
Article

Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesion (differential)

Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesions can be seen with the following conditions 1,2: subchondral geodes or cysts intraosseous ganglion intraosseous tophus (gout) unicameral bone cyst aneurysmal bone cyst glomangioma enchondroma epidermoid inclusion cyst chondroblastoma non-ossifying...
Article

Osteolytic lesions with septations and trabeculations (differential)

Differential diagnosis of lytic bone lesions with septations and trabeculations include 1: benign lesions unicameral bone cyst aneurysmal bone cyst giant cell tumor non-ossifying fibroma intraosseous lipoma fibrous dysplasia Brown tumor ameloblastoma adamantinoma haemophilic pseudotum...
Article

Digastric line

The digastric line, also known as the biventer line, has been described and used to evaluate basilar invagination on frontal skull plain film and coronal CT images. The digastric line is drawn between right and left digastric grooves, which are located medial to the mastoid apices. These are co...
Article

Bimastoid line

The bimastoid line has been described and used to evaluate basilar invagination on frontal skull plain film and coronal reconstructed CT image. The bimastoid line is drawn between the inferior tips of the mastoid processes bilaterally. The tip of the odontoid process of C2 normally projects les...
Article

Intracortical osteosarcoma

Intracortical osteosarcoma is the rarest variety of osteosarcoma and represents less than 1% of all osteosarcoma cases. Epidemiology Like other subtypes of osteosarcoma, it also typically presents in adolescents and young adults (mean age 19 years). It has a slight male predominance. Patholog...
Article

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a rare mesenchymal malignant tumor that occurs in the retroperitoneum and soft tissue of extremities without any attachment to bone. Epidemiology Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in contrast to other subtypes of osteosarcoma occurs infrequently in individuals und...
Article

Hibbs angle

The Hibbs angle, a.k.a. lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle, has been used to identify the apex of deformity in patients with pes cavus on lateral weight-bearing radiographs. Measurement The Hibbs angle is formed by the lines running along the axes of the calcaneus and the first metatarsal...
Article

Tuberculosis (musculoskeletal manifestations)

Musculoskeletal tuberculosis is always secondary to a primary lesion in the lung. Epidemiology The prevalence of the disease is around 30 million globally and 1-3% of the 30 million have involvement of their bones and/or joints. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost all of the c...
Article

Tuberculous arthropathy

Tuberculous arthropathy is a type of musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) and a common cause of infectious arthritis in developing countries. Any pathological joint lesion where the exact diagnosis is equivocal should be considered tubercular in origin unless proven otherwise. Ple...

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