Items tagged “reference needed”

The scalene muscles are a group of three closely related neck muscles. anterior scalene muscles middle scalene muscles posterior scalene muscles Summary origin: transverse processes of mid to lower cervical vertebrae (C2-C7).  insertion: first or second ribs. The anterior and middle insert...

Heat-related illnesses are on the increase due to increasing global temperatures. The normal physiological response to excessive heat is known as heat stress and although uncomfortable is generally not considered pathological. If this is not alleviated, then a true heat illness may result, which...

The chain of infection, also known as the chain of transmission, refers to the chronological sequence in which an infectious agent, and hence disease, is able to disseminate through a population. The chain results from a complex interaction between the agent, environment, and host. Typically th...

Dilation and dilatation are commonly used in radiology, and medicine more generally. Both terms refer to the expansion of a 'hollow' anatomical or pathological structure, including vessels, cardiac chambers, cerebral ventricles, urinary tract, cysts, and also prostheses, e.g. stents and angiopla...

The characteristic curve, also known as the H and D curve, is a representation of the response of a screen film radiograph to light. The characteristic curve represents the change in optical density (OD) of the screen film in response to changing exposures (incident x-rays on the screen film). ...

Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder affecting adult females, which is characterized by galactorrhea-amenorrhea not associated with pregnancy with estrogen deficiency and decreased urinary gonadotropin levels. Clinical presentation lactation not associated with breastfeed...

Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain is a histological stain frequently used to screen specimens for fungal organisms. The procedure relies on the presence of polysaccharides along the fungal cell wall. During the staining process, chromic acid is first applied to the specimen which ox...

The hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve (Torin's hole, TA: hiatus canalis nervi petrosi majoris) is a communication between the facial canal and middle cranial fossa, that allows passage of the namesake nerve the greater superficial petrosal nerve. It is located on the anterior surface of the ...