Items tagged “reference needed”
111 results found
Article
Obsolete imaging techniques
It is almost axiomatic that as time passes, the imaging techniques by which patients are evaluated, eventually become obsolete, due to continued scientific and technological innovations.
Although the reality of new-fangled technology coming along and supplanting established methodology is of c...
Article
Cyanosis
Cyanosis (plural: cyanoses) is a physical sign represented by bluish discolouration of the skin. It indicates there is reduced oxygen bound to red blood cells in the bloodstream. Diagnosis of the underlying cause of cyanosis is based on a thorough history and physical examination.
Pathology
Et...
Article
Subcutaneous implantable defibrillator
A subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (SICD) is a medical device implanted, typically in the chest wall, It delivers an electric impulse to the heart like a standard cardiac defibrillator (AICD) without leads being inserted into the myocardium.
Article
Scalene muscles
The scalene muscles are a group of three closely related neck muscles.
anterior scalene muscles
middle scalene muscles
posterior scalene muscles
Summary
origin: transverse processes of mid to lower cervical vertebrae (C2-C7).
insertion: first or second ribs. The anterior and middle insert...
Article
Heat-related illness
Heat-related illnesses are on the increase due to increasing global temperatures. The normal physiological response to excessive heat is known as heat stress and although uncomfortable is generally not considered pathological. If this is not alleviated, then a true heat illness may result, which...
Article
Chain of infection
The chain of infection, also known as the chain of transmission, refers to the chronological sequence in which an infectious agent, and hence disease, is able to disseminate through a population. The chain results from a complex interaction between the agent, environment, and host.
Typically th...
Article
Dilation vs dilatation
Dilation and dilatation are commonly used in radiology, and medicine more generally. Both terms refer to the expansion of a 'hollow' anatomical or pathological structure, including vessels, cardiac chambers, cerebral ventricles, urinary tract, cysts, and also prostheses, e.g. stents and angiopla...
Article
Characteristic curve
The characteristic curve, also known as the H and D curve, is a representation of the response of a screen film radiograph to light. The characteristic curve represents the change in optical density (OD) of the screen film in response to changing exposures (incident x-rays on the screen film).
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Article
Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome
Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder affecting adult females, which is characterized by galactorrhea-amenorrhea not associated with pregnancy with estrogen deficiency and decreased urinary gonadotropin levels.
Clinical presentation
lactation not associated with breastfeed...
Article
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver stain
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain is a histological stain frequently used to screen specimens for fungal organisms. The procedure relies on the presence of polysaccharides along the fungal cell wall.
During the staining process, chromic acid is first applied to the specimen which ox...
Article
Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve
The hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve (Torin's hole, TA: hiatus canalis nervi petrosi majoris) is a communication between the facial canal and middle cranial fossa, that allows passage of the namesake nerve the greater superficial petrosal nerve. It is located on the anterior surface of the ...
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