Items tagged “refs”

2,959 results found
Article

Subtalar arthroereisis

Subtalar arthroereisis is a non-fusion surgical treatment of pediatric symptomatic flexible flatfoot (pes planus). The procedure involves the insertion of an implant into the subtalar joint to correct excessive hindfoot eversion. Procedure There are two techniques for subtalar arthroereisis1: ...
Article

Protracted bacterial bronchitis

Protracted bacterial bronchitis is one of the most common causes of cough in children, particularly those aged <6 years. Is it characterized by a chronic wet cough with no associated cause and tends to respond to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Epidemiology Protracted bacterial bronchitis is th...
Article

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common autosomal dominant 1 condition resulting in hyperlipidemia.  Epidemiology 1 in 200 individuals are estimated to be carriers of at least one gene associated with familial hypercholesterolemia 1. Pathology Features of hyperlipidemia such as early/exces...
Article

Posterior meningeal artery

The posterior meningeal artery (PMA) is the largest artery supplying the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa ref. Gross anatomy Origin and course The origin of the posterior meningeal artery is quite variable 1,2. It most commonly arises from the V3 segment and occasionally from the V4 ...
Article

Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous disorder characterized by symmetric hyperpigmented velvety plaques on the neck, axillae, antecubital and popliteal fossae, inframammary, and groin areas. It is associated with acquired lipodystrophy. Pathology The benign form of acanthosis nigricans is assoc...
Article

Reversible bronchiectasis

Reversible bronchiectasis is a term describing dilated bronchial tree in a patient with a collapsed (atelectatic) lobe. It is thought to be due to increased tension on the bronchial wall by the collapsed lung. The dilated bronchi usually return to their normal size when the lung expands. The phr...
Article

Sharp mediastinum sign

The sharp mediastinum sign is a unique sign in neonatal chest x-rays for medial pneumothoraces or pneumomediastinum, especially as a complication to mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Radiographic features Plain radiograph As neonatal chest x-rays are taken with t...
Article

Rectus capitis anterior muscle

The rectus capitis anterior muscle is a short muscle that belongs to the prevertebral and anterior neck muscles. It is located anterior to the vertebral column and stretches between the atlas and the base of the skull. Summary origin: lateral mass and transverse process of atlas (C1) insertio...
Article

Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign

Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign is a radiological sign noted in pes cavus and/or hindfoot varus with the alignment of the sinus tarsi parallel to the x-ray beam resulting in the ability to "see-through" the sinus tarsi on lateral foot x-rays 1,2.
Article

Middle clunal nerve

The middle clunal nerve is a sensory nerve that originates from S1-S4 1. It travels underneath the long posterior sacroiliac ligament (LPSL) and passes between the posterior superior iliac spine and posterior inferior iliac spine to course over the iliac crest 1. It supplies sensation to the lum...
Article

Soleal sling syndrome

Soleal sling syndrome is a rare tibial nerve entrapment syndrome. More commonly the tibial nerve gets entrapped in the tarsal tunnel. In soleal sling syndrome, the nerve gets compressed under the tendinous arch at the origin of soleus muscle 1. Clinical presentation Can present with numbness i...
Article

Intertransversarii muscle group

The intertransversarii muscles are small and short muscles found in the deepest layer of the intrinsic back muscles extending between the transverse processes of adjacent cervical and lumbar vertebrae. The cervical intertransversarii are subdivided into seven pairs of anterior and posterior musc...
Article

Amyloid myopathy

Amyloid myopathy results from the extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid within the musculoskeletal system and is a musculoskeletal manifestation of amyloidosis, particularly in patients on long-term haemodialysis. It could coexist with amyloid arthropathy. See also amyloidosi...
Article

Von Laer classification of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures

The Von Laer classification, also known as the Laer classification, is used to grade the severity and the need for further diagnostic evaluation and surgical correction of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, based on their clinical and radiological presentation. Classification Von Laer'...
Article

Intrathymic left brachiocephalic vein

Intrathymic left brachiocephalic vein is a common variant that can often be seen during fetal ultrasound. Instead of coursing posterior to the thymus, the left brachiocephalic vein courses through the thymus 1. It is considered a normal variant and is believed to have no adverse effects on the...
Article

Augmented glenoid implants in shoulder artroplasthy

Augmented glenoid implants in shoulder arthroplasty are used for glenohumeral osteoarthritis with Walch type B2 and B3 glenoid morphology, which are characterized by humeral head posterior subluxation 1-3. Shoulder replacement with augmentation of the glenoid implant allows for: correct glenoi...
Article

Acromioclavicular joint cyst

Acromioclavicular joint cysts are benign lesions, either ganglionic or synovial in etiology. Clinical presentation Soft, slightly painful mass above the acromioclavicular joint, sometimes slightly limiting shoulder range of motion. Pathology Classified into two types according to their etiol...
Article

Cysts of Hattori

Cysts of Hattori, also known as posterior mediastinal paravertebral Müllerian cysts, are mediastinal cysts of Mullerian origin, lined by ciliated non-stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium, that occur in the posterior mediastinum. Epidemiology Of all mediastinal masses, ~20% (range 10–30%)...
Article

Point shear wave elastography

Point shear wave elastography (pSWE) is a type of shear wave elastography using ultrasound machine where an acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is used to generate shear waves in targeted area of liver tissue.
Article

Subdural hematohygroma

Subdural hematohygromas are subdural hygromas into which bleeding has occurred. They are distinct from, and should not be confused with, acute on chronic subdural hematomas or with acute subdural hematomas with separation of blood into plasma and hematocrit. Radiographic features CT Subdural ...