Items tagged “rg_38_7_edit”
23 results
Article
Aortic dissection
Aortic dissection is the prototype and most common form of acute aortic syndromes and a type of arterial dissection. It occurs when blood enters the medial layer of the aortic wall through a tear or penetrating ulcer in the intima and tracks longitudinally along with the media, forming a second ...
Article
Ependymoma
Ependymomas represent a relatively broad group of glial tumours most often arising from the lining of the ventricles of the brain or the central canal of the spinal cord. They account for ~5% of all neuroepithelial neoplasms, ~10% of all paediatric brain tumours and up to 33% of brain tumours oc...
Article
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, or lymphangitis carcinomatosa, is the term given to tumour spread through the lymphatics of the lung and is most commonly seen secondary to adenocarcinoma.
Epidemiology
The demographics will reflect that of the underlying malignancy (see below).
Clinical presentat...
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, the most common phakomatosis, and a RASopathy. Additionally, it is also one of the most common inherited CNS disorders, autosomal dominant disorders, and inherited tumour syndromes...
Article
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Pilocytic astrocytomas, also known as juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, are circumscribed astrocytic gliomas that typically occur in young patients. The majority of sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas arise from the cerebellum, whereas in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), they often invo...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterised by the development of multiple benign tumours of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and nervous system).
Epidemiology
Tuberous scleros...
Article
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) is a variant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) characterised by inflammatory thickening of the aneurysm wall, perianeurysmal fibrosis, and adherence to surrounding structures.
Epidemiology
They account for ~5 to 10% of all AAAs.
Clinical present...
Article
Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours of childhood, most often presenting as midline masses in the roof of the 4th ventricle (at the superior medullary velum) with associated mass-effect and hydrocephalus. Treatment typically consists of surgical resection, radiation thera...
Article
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is defined as inflammation of the pericardium. It is normally found in association with cardiac, thoracic or wider systemic pathology and it is unusual to manifest on its own.
Epidemiology
Pericarditis is the most common pericardial disease worldwide and accounts for about 0.1-0.2...
Article
CT guided thoracic biopsy
CT guided thoracic biopsy is usually performed for the diagnosis of suspicious lung, pleural, or mediastinal lesions. It can be performed as an outpatient procedure where patient monitoring and complications support are available. A small percentage of lung and pleural biopsies may be performed...
Article
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterised by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4).
Terminology
Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article
Non-small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a heterogeneous group of lung cancers that do not have "small cells" on histology. They are thus separated, as small cell carcinoma of the lung has distinctive management implications. The major histological types include:
adenocarcinoma of lung
sq...
Article
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung
Adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) of the lung refer to a relatively new entity which falls under the spectrum of pre-invasive lesions of the lungs. This entity partly replaces the noninvasive end of the previous term bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma in situ is defined as a localised adenoca...
Article
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. Grouped under the non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, it is a malignant tumour with glandular differentiation or mucin production expressing in different patterns and degrees of differentiation.
This article bring...
Article
Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung
Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) of the lung is a relatively new category in the classification of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lesions that fall into this category refer to small solitary adenocarcinomas <3 cm (i.e. <30 mm) with either pure lepidic growth or predominant lepidic growth wit...
Article
Isolated periaortitis
Isolated periaortitis is a non-aneurysmal form of chronic periaortitis.
Clinical features
pain
fever
fatigue
weight loss
anaemia
mesenteric arterial ischaemia: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage
renal artery stenosis: renovascular hypertension
vascular impairm...
Article
Aortitis
Aortitis is a general descriptor of a broad category of infectious and non-infectious conditions with inflammation (i.e. vasculitis) of the aortic wall.
Clinical presentation
The presentation is non-specific with fever, pain, and weight loss.
Pathology
Aetiology
infectious
syphilitic aort...
Article
Medulloblastoma, group 4
Medulloblastoma - group 4 tumours are malignant tumours of the central nervous system, and one of the most common paediatric tumours. They are the most common medulloblastoma group (followed by group 3, SHH-activated, and WNT-activated), and typically arise from the vermis of the cerebellum.
T...
Article
Medulloblastoma, group 3
Medulloblastoma - group 3 tumours are malignant tumours of the central nervous system, and one of the most common paediatric tumours. They typically arise from the vermis of the cerebellum and are present in childhood and infancy. They have the worst prognosis of all medulloblastoma groups.
T...
Article
Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated
Medulloblastoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated tumours are malignant tumours of the central nervous system. They are the second most common medulloblastoma group, divided according to TP53 mutation status into TP53-wildtype and TP53-mutant that are distinct entities differing in their molecular...