Items tagged “rg_38_7_edit”

23 results found
Article

Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection is the prototype and most common form of acute aortic syndromes and a type of arterial dissection. It occurs when blood enters the medial layer of the aortic wall through a tear or penetrating ulcer in the intima and tracks longitudinally along with the media, forming a second ...
Article

Ependymoma

Ependymomas represent a relatively broad group of glial tumors most often arising from the lining of the ventricles of the brain or the central canal of the spinal cord. They account for ~5% of all neuroepithelial neoplasms, ~10% of all pediatric brain tumors and up to 33% of brain tumors occurr...
Article

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, or lymphangitis carcinomatosa, is the term given to tumor spread through the lymphatics of the lung and is most commonly seen secondary to adenocarcinoma. Epidemiology The demographics will reflect that of the underlying malignancy (see below). Clinical presentati...
Article

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, the most common phakomatosis, and a RASopathy. Additionally, it is also one of the most common inherited CNS disorders, autosomal dominant disorders, and inherited tumor syndromes....
Article

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Pilocytic astrocytomas, also known as juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, are circumscribed astrocytic gliomas that typically occur in young patients. The majority of sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas arise from the cerebellum, whereas in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), they often invo...
Article

Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and nervous system). Epidemiology Tuberous sclerosi...
Article

Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm

Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) is a variant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) characterized by inflammatory thickening of the aneurysm wall, perianeurysmal fibrosis, and adherence to surrounding structures. Epidemiology They account for  ~5 to 10% of all AAAs. Clinical present...
Article

Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastomas are the second most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, with only high-grade gliomas being more common. They most commonly present as midline masses in the roof of the 4th ventricle with associated mass effect and hydrocephalus. Treatment typically consists of surgical re...
Article

Pericarditis

Pericarditis is defined as inflammation of the pericardium. It is normally found in association with cardiac, thoracic or wider systemic pathology and it is unusual to manifest on its own. Epidemiology Associations camptodactyly arthropathy coxa vara pericarditis syndrome Diagnosis The diag...
Article

CT guided thoracic biopsy

CT guided thoracic biopsy is usually performed for the diagnosis of suspicious lung, pleural, or mediastinal lesions. It can be performed as an outpatient procedure where patient monitoring and complications support are available.  A small percentage of lung and pleural biopsies may be performed...
Article

IgG4-related disease

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterized by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4). Terminology Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article

Non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a heterogeneous group of lung cancers that do not have "small cells" on histology. They are thus separated, as small cell carcinoma of the lung has distinctive management implications. The major histological types include: adenocarcinoma of lung sq...
Article

Adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung

Adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) of the lung refer to a relatively new entity which falls under the spectrum of pre-invasive lesions of the lungs. This entity partly replaces the noninvasive end of the previous term bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma in situ is defined as a localized adenoca...
Article

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. Grouped under the non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, it is a malignant tumor with glandular differentiation or mucin production expressing in different patterns and degrees of differentiation.  This article brings...
Article

Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung

Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) of the lung is a relatively new category in the classification of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lesions that fall into this category refer to small solitary adenocarcinomas <3 cm (i.e. <30 mm) with either pure lepidic growth or predominant lepidic growth wit...
Article

Isolated periaortitis

Isolated periaortitis is a non-aneurysmal form of chronic periaortitis. Clinical features pain fever fatigue weight loss anemia mesenteric arterial ischemia: abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage  renal artery stenosis: renovascular hypertension  vascular impairment ...
Article

Aortitis

Aortitis is a general descriptor of a broad category of infectious and non-infectious conditions with inflammation (i.e. vasculitis) of the aortic wall. Clinical presentation The presentation is non-specific with fever, pain, and weight loss.  Pathology Etiology infectious syphilitic aorti...
Article

Medulloblastoma, group 4

Medulloblastoma - group 4 tumors are malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and one of the most common pediatric tumors. They are the most common medulloblastoma group (followed by group 3, SHH-activated, and WNT-activated), and typically arise from the vermis of the cerebellum.  Termi...
Article

Medulloblastoma, group 3

Medulloblastoma - group 3 tumors are malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and one of the most common pediatric tumors. They typically arise from the vermis of the cerebellum and are present in childhood and infancy. They have the worst prognosis of all medulloblastoma groups.   Termi...
Article

Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated

Medulloblastoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated tumors are malignant tumors of the central nervous system. They are the second most common medulloblastoma group, divided according to TP53 mutation status into TP53-wildtype and TP53-mutant that are distinct entities differing in their molecular, ...

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