Items tagged “rg_39_4_edit”

Weber syndrome is a midbrain stroke syndrome that involves the cerebral peduncle and the ipsilateral fascicles of the oculomotor nerve 1-3,5. Occasionally the substantia nigra can also be involved 5.  Clinical presentation ipsilateral CN III palsy diplopia ptosis  afferent pupillary defect ...

Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...

Ovarian mucinous tumors are a subgroup of ovarian epithelial tumors. They represent 10-15% of all ovarian tumors and ~10% of all malignant ovarian tumors. They are subdivided according to their malignant potential and clinical behavior into: ovarian mucinous cystadenoma ovarian borderline...

Locked-in syndrome is one of the brainstem stroke syndromes and can occur as a result of a pontine stroke that damages the ventral brainstem, pyramidal bundles and corticobulbar tracts 5. Clinical presentation Individuals who are "locked-in" are conscious with preserved cognitive function but ...

Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux corresponds to a clinical manifestation of sudden severe paroxysms of excruciating pain on one side of the face which usually lasts a few seconds to a few minutes, involving one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). Vascular compression is the mo...

Spinal cord stimulators, also known as dorsal column stimulators, are surgically placed devices to aid with symptom relief in individuals with chronic neurological pain (e.g. failed back syndrome, brachial plexopathy, complex regional pain syndrome). It uses low voltage electrical current deliv...

Nothnagel syndrome is a rare midbrain syndrome that involves the tectum of the midbrain (quadrigeminal plate) and superior cerebellar peduncles 1-4,6. Clinical presentation Classically, the syndrome involves the oculomotor nerve fascicles and superior cerebellar peduncle, leading to ipsilatera...

Vagal nerve stimulators are an implantable device used to treat a number of conditions although the mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated.  Indications Vagal nerve stimulators are indicated in patients with 1: intractable epilepsy Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (off-label) ...

Occipital nerve stimulators are a type of neuromodulation therapy aimed at treating chronic refractory headache and craniofacial pain such as occipital neuralgia 1-3. This form of non-pharmaceutical therapy involves an implantable device composed of an electrode and a pulse generator.  Procedur...

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most common plasma cell disorder and refers to the presence of an abnormal monoclonal antibody in the blood but the absence of the overt bone marrow and clinical signs of multiple myeloma. Epidemiology MGUS is the most common pla...

Smoldering multiple myeloma is a premalignant stage between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma. Clinical presentation Similar to MGUS patients, smoldering multiple myeloma patients are asymptomatic. Diagnostic criteria The criteria for smoldering m...