Items tagged “rg_40_4_edit”
21 results found
Article
Adrenal adenoma
Adrenal adenomas (alternative plural: adenomata) are the most common adrenal lesion and are often found incidentally during abdominal imaging for other reasons. In all cases, but especially in the setting of known current or previous malignancy, adrenal adenomas need to be distinguished from adr...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener granulomatosis, is a multisystem necrotizing non-caseating granulomatous c-ANCA positive vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized arteries, capillaries, and veins, with a predilection for the respiratory system and kidneys.
T...
Article
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) may be seen as part of widespread involvement in patients with disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis or more frequently as a distinct entity in young adult smokers. This article focuses on the latter.
Epidemiology
Pulmonary Langerhans cell h...
Article
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytomas are an uncommon tumor of the adrenal gland, with characteristic clinical, and to a lesser degree, imaging features. The tumors are said to follow a 10% rule:
~10% are extra-adrenal
~10% are bilateral
~10% are malignant
~10% are found in children
~10% are not associated wit...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis.
Pathology
Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (thoracic manifestations)
Thoracic manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), which is a type of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis, are common; with lung involvement seen in about 95% of cases.
For a general discussion of the condition, please refer to the main article on granulomatosis with polyangii...
Article
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously known as Churg-Strauss syndrome is characterized by asthma, eosinophilia and small vessel necrotizing vasculitis and involves the lungs and other organs.
Epidemiology
The incidence typically peaks in middle age, 30-50 years of ag...
Article
Aspiration pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia is caused by a direct chemical insult due to the entry of a foreign substance, solid or liquid, into the respiratory tract.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
alcohol intoxication
general anesthesia
loss of consciousness
structural abnormalities of the pharynx and esophagus
ne...
Article
Bronchocentric granulomatosis
Bronchocentric granulomatosis is a rare chronic condition where airway granulomas form in response to different insults. It is included in the spectrum of eosinophilic lung disease.
Epidemiology
Bronchocentric granulomatosis can affect a wide age spectrum of patients but is thought to peak bet...
Article
Necrobiotic pulmonary nodules
Necrobiotic pulmonary nodules are sterile cavitating lung nodules associated with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (more often with ulcerative colitis than Crohn disease).
Epidemiology
They are more common in men 5.
Associations
Caplan syndrome
Clinical presentation
Us...
Article
Pulmonary hyalinising granuloma
Pulmonary hyalinising granulomas are rare, non-infectious, benign fibrosing lesions of the lung that can, sometimes, mimic pulmonary malignancy.
Clinical presentation
Most patients (~ 75% 6) with pulmonary hyalinising granulomas can be symptomatic with it. Commonly reported symptoms include va...
Article
Pulmonary talc granulomatosis
Pulmonary talc granulomatosis is one of the forms of talc-induced pulmonary disease and one of the excipient lung diseases. It is caused by talc particles mainly seen in patients injecting crushed methadone tablets intravenously.
As pulmonary talc granulomatosis is clinically and radiologicall...
Article
Granulomatous lung disease
Granulomatous lung disease refers to a broad group of infectious and non-infectious conditions characterized by the formation of granulomas. The spectrum includes:
infectious
mycobacterial
pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
fungal
pulmonary coccidioido...
Article
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) is a rare systemic disease, characterized by sarcoid-like granuloma formation, vasculitis and variable degrees of necrosis. It is sometimes classified under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis.
Terminology
This remains a controversial ent...
Article
Adrenal washout
Adrenal washout can be calculated using the density value of an adrenal mass on non-enhanced, portal venous phase and 15-minute delayed CT scans (density measured in Hounsfield units (HU)). It is primarily used to diagnose adrenal adenoma.
absolute washout
[(HUportal venous phase) - (HUdelayed...
Article
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic and interventional procedure technique using both endoscopy and fluoroscopy for examination and intervention of the biliary tree and pancreatic ducts. It is typically performed by doctors with endoscopic qualifications (e.g. g...
Article
Chronic aspiration pneumonia
Chronic aspiration pneumonia occurs when recurrent episodes of aspirated particles lead to chronic granulomatous inflammation of the airways and lungs.
This article will focus on the chronic form of aspiration (cf. acute aspiration pneumonia), for a broader discussion, please refer to the pare...
Article
Acute aspiration pneumonitis
Acute aspiration pneumonitis occurs when solid or liquid ingested particles enter the airways and lungs, leading to inflammation.
This article will focus on the acute form of aspiration (cf. chronic aspiration pneumonia), mainly concerning its radiographic features; for a broader discussion, p...
Article
Adrenal cyst
Adrenal cysts are rare lesions that are usually found incidentally on imaging performed for other reasons.
Epidemiology
Adrenal cysts are reported to be rare with an incidence of <1% 1.
Clinical presentation
Patients can present with pain or swelling, although a significant portion (~40%) ...
Article
Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease
Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GL-ILD) is a relatively recent term given to describe non-infectious diffuse lung disease complications that have been reported to traditionally develop in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients.
Epidemiology
Associations
Although...