Items tagged “shetty”
40 results found
Article
Duplex appendix
Duplex appendix is a rare anomaly of the appendix and is usually discovered incidentally during surgery for appendicitis.
Epidemiology
Duplication of the vermiform appendix is extremely rare. It is found in only 1 in 25,000 patients (incidence ~0.004%) operated on for acute appendicitis. Altho...
Article
Medial pneumothorax
Medial pneumothorax refers to the abnormal collection of air on medial aspect of the pleural cavity. This occurs when the quantity of air is small.
Radiographic features
Chest radiograph (supine)
Seen as a linear lucent area along the medial aspect of lung at the interface of the pleural surf...
Article
Diffuse pulmonary nodules (differential diagnosis)
A number of differentials must be kept in mind while approaching diffuse or multiple pulmonary nodules. Interpretation is easier if nodules are the only abnormality.
Differential diagnosis
These differentials can be narrowed down based on several criteria:
Based on appearance
miliary nodule...
Article
Diffuse pulmonary nodules
Diffuse pulmonary nodules are usually seen as multiple pulmonary nodular opacifications on a HRCT chest scan. They can signify disease processes affecting either the interstitium or the airspace. They can range from a few millimeters to up to 1 cm and when very small and numerous there can be so...
Article
Splenic vein
The splenic vein drains the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the stomach.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The splenic vein is formed by splenic tributaries emerging at the splenic hilum in the splenorenal ligament at the tip of the tail of pancreas. It runs in the splenorenal ligame...
Article
Lateral patellar dislocation
Lateral patellar dislocation refers to lateral displacement followed by dislocation of the patella due to disruptive changes to the medial patellar retinaculum.
Epidemiology
Patellar dislocation accounts for ~3% of all knee injuries and is commonly seen in those individuals who participate in ...
Article
Computed tomography of the chest
Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is a cross-sectional evaluation of the heart, airways, lungs, mediastinum, and associated bones and soft tissues.
Two key methods of image acquisition include:
standard CT with 5 mm slice thickness for mediastinum and gross evaluation of lungs
high-resolu...
Article
Esophageal duplication cyst
Esophageal duplication cysts are congenital foregut duplication cysts.
Epidemiology
Uncommon with a prevalence of 0.122% 9. There may be an increased male predilection 5.
Clinical presentation
Esophageal duplication cysts typically present in childhood with symptoms of dysphagia, cough, stri...
Article
Pediatric mediastinal masses
Pediatric mediastinal masses are the most common chest masses in children, with the anterior mediastinum being the most common site 1.
As in adults, mediastinal masses are classified depending on anatomical sites:
anterior mediastinal masses
middle mediastinal masses
posterior mediastinal ma...
Article
Evaluation of recurrent bone tumors
Recurrent bone tumors are a common complication post curettage or resection.
Radiographic features
Radiographs taken pre- and postoperatively are sufficient for evaluation of recurrence based on the following features:
osteolytic changes
cortical changes
matrix mineralization (characteristi...
Article
Bronchogenic cyst vs esophageal duplication cyst
Bronchogenic cysts and esophageal duplication cysts are embryological foregut duplication cysts and are also differential diagnoses for a cystic mediastinal mass.
Differences
Symptoms
bronchogenic cysts asymptomatic unless infected
esophageal duplication cysts can present with hemorrha...
Article
Elevated diaphragm
Elevated diaphragm refers to the symmetrical elevation of both domes of the diaphragm.
Pathology
Etiology
There is some overlap with causes of an elevated hemidiaphragm.
Technical
supine position
poor inspiratory effort
Patient factors
obesity
pregnancy
Diaphragmatic pathology
paral...
Article
Extrarenal pelvis
Extrarenal pelvis refers to the presence of the renal pelvis outside the confines of the renal hilum; it is a normal anatomic variant.
Epidemiology
It is found in ~10% of the population 2.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
An extrarenal pelvis usually appears dilated, erroneously suggesting...
Article
Stierlin sign (tuberculosis of ileocecal junction)
The Stierlin sign refers to repeated emptying of the cecum, seen radiographically as barium remaining in the terminal part of the ileum and in the transverse colon. This occurs due to irritation of the cecum caused by M. tuberculosis. It is not specific for tuberculosis and can also be seen in C...
Article
Fleischner sign (tuberculosis of ileocecal junction)
The Fleischner sign (also known as the inverted umbrella sign), refers to a widely gaping, thickened, patulous ileocecal valve and a narrowed, ulcerated terminal ileum associated with tuberculous involvement of the ileocecum.
See also
gastrointestinal tuberculosis
Stierlin sign
not to be con...
Article
Bladder and ureteric tuberculosis
Bladder and ureteric tuberculosis (TB) refers to infection of ureters and urinary bladder with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Radiographic features
Ureteric tuberculosis
IVP
characteristic beaded appearance due to alternate areas of strictures and dilatation (chronic state)
CT
acute: ureteral...
Article
Mondor sign (foot)
The Mondor sign is a sign seen clinically and on CT, and refers to a hematoma that is formed and extends distally along the sole of the foot 1. Its presence is considered pathognomonic for a calcaneal fracture 1.
History and etymology
It was named after Henri Mondor (1885-1962), a French surge...
Article
Weapon and munition inspired signs
Weapon and munition inspired signs include the following with their corresponding pathologic conditions:
arrowhead sign
appendicitis
bayonet artifact
bayonet deformity
Turner syndrome
chondrodysplasia
bullet-shaped vertebra
mucopolysaccharidosis
achondroplasia
cannonball metastases
me...
Article
Bullet-shaped vertebra
Bullet-shaped vertebra, also known as ovoid vertebra, refers to the anterior beaking of the vertebral body.
It is seen in the following conditions:
mucopolysaccharidosis (Morquio disease, Hurler disease)
achondroplasia
congenital hypothyroidism
progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia 4
Wils...
Article
Hepatic and splenic tuberculosis
Hepatic and splenic tuberculosis refers to tuberculosis affecting the liver and the spleen. It generally occurs due to hematogenous spread from the primary site of infection, commonly from pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pathology
Two types of lesions are known:
micronodular (common)
macronodu...