Items tagged “signs”
42 results found
Article
Positive metacarpal sign
In the metacarpal sign, a line drawn along the heads of the 4th and 5th metacarpals will intersect the head of the 3rd metacarpal if shortening is present. The shortened 4th metacarpal is the key to the sign.
The sign is positive in up to 9.6% of normal individuals 3. It is however seen in a va...
Article
Open ring sign
The open ring sign is a relatively specific sign for demyelination, most commonly multiple sclerosis (MS), and is helpful in distinguishing between the causes of ring-enhancing lesions.
Radiographic features
The enhancing component is thought to represent advancing front of demyelination and ...
Article
Caput medusae sign (developmental venous anomaly)
The caput medusae sign also sometimes known as a palm tree sign refers to developmental venous anomalies of the brain, where a number of veins converge centrally into a single draining vein.
The sign is seen on both CT and MRI when contrast medium is administered. Angiographically the caput me...
Article
Fallen fragment sign
The fallen fragment sign refers to the presence of a bone fracture fragment resting dependently in a cystic bone lesion. This finding was once thought to be pathognomonic for a simple (unicameral) bone cyst following a pathological fracture, although it has occasionally been reported with other ...
Article
Pancake brain
Pancake brain is the classical sign of alobar holoprosencephaly. It is due to fusion of the cerebral hemispheres leaving a single ventricle in its center. It is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly. It is associated with multiple facial abnormalities.
See also
pancake vertebra
vegetable ...
Article
White cerebellum sign
White cerebellum sign, also called reversal sign or dense cerebellum sign, is encountered when there is a diffuse decrease in density of the supratentorial brain parenchyma, with relatively increased attenuation of the thalami, brainstem and cerebellum. This sign indicates irreversible brain dam...
Article
Bare orbit sign (sphenoid wing)
The bare orbit sign, is described as a characteristic appearance of the orbit, seen when the innominate line is absent. The innominate line is a projection of the greater wing of the sphenoid, and its absence or destruction is responsible for this appearance.
It is the classical frontal radiogr...
Article
Leopard skin sign (white matter)
The leopard skin sign (also known as tigroid pattern or stripe sign) results from dark spots or stripes (spared perivascular white matter) within bright demyelinated periventricular white matter on T2W images. It is characteristically seen in:
metachromatic leukodystrophy
Krabbe disease 2
Pel...
Article
Tau sign
The tau sign represents the appearance of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery on the sagittal plane of an angiogram or on sagittal MRI images. It resembles the Greek letter τ, pronounced "tau", and is equivalent to the modern-day "T" in the Latin alphabet.
The persistent trigeminal artery ...
Article
CT comma sign (head)
The CT comma sign is a characteristic sign seen in head trauma. It is the presence of concurrent epidural and subdural hematomas, which gives the characteristic appearance of this sign as a "comma" shape.
Article
Shmoo sign
Shmoo sign refers to the appearance of a prominent, rounded left ventricle and dilated aorta on a plain PA chest radiograph giving the appearance of Shmoo, a fictional cartoon character in the comic strip Li'l Abner, which first appeared in 1948 5. This sign is indicative of left ventricular enl...
Article
Snowcap sign (osteonecrosis)
Snowcap sign, or snowcapping, is defined as the appearance of dense sclerosis over the head of the humerus or femur in cases of osteonecrosis as seen on plain radiographs, which resembles a snowcapped mountain.
Article
Sandwich sign (Marchiafava-Bignami disease)
The sandwich sign of Marchiafava-Bignami disease has been described for the appearance of the central layers of the corpus callosum which are preferentially involved by this disease.
T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities are seen in the central region of body and splenium of corpus callosum with sparin...
Article
Bilateral adrenal gland hyperenhancement
Bilateral adrenal gland hyperenhancement or intense adrenal enhancement may be a feature of hypotension and forms part of the CT hypoperfusion complex.
Adrenal gland hyperenhancement has been described in pediatric and small adult series or individual cases of hemorrhagic shock, pancreatitis, s...
Article
Double axillary pouch sign (shoulder)
The double axillary pouch sign is a collection of fluid between a torn anteroinferior glenoid labrum and the glenoid rim, giving the appearance of a second axillary pouch.
The sign is seen best with MR arthrography on the coronal view, and is considered by some, a very specific sign for an ante...
Article
Higoumenakis sign (clavicle)
The Higoumenakis sign is the unilateral enlargement of the sternal end of the clavicle in patients with late congenital syphilis. It was originally described as a clinical sign on physical examination but can also be recognized on chest radiograph 5.
Pathology
Treponema pallidum becomes readil...
Article
Sliver sign (patella)
The sliver sign refers to a curvilinear intra-articular osteochondral fragment in the knee joint on conventional knee radiographs. In the context of acute knee trauma and in association with joint effusion this sign is highly predictive of a recent transient lateral patellar dislocation 1.
Path...
Article
Double Oreo cookie sign (glenoid labrum)
The double Oreo cookie sign refers to the presence of two hyperintense lines in the superior glenoid labrum, one of which represents a superior labral tear and the other a physiological sublabral recess 1,2.
Terminology
This sign should not be confused with the Oreo cookie sign of pericardial ...
Article
Pooping duck sign
Pooping duck sign indicates the presence of a triquetral fracture on a lateral wrist radiograph, where an avulsed fracture fragment from the dorsal cortex of the triquetrum projects along the dorsal aspect of the osseous structures of the wrist.
In this sign, the fracture fragment represents th...
Article
Trident acetabulum
Trident acetabulum is an appearance which can be seen in several skeletal dysplasias 1.
It is characterized by small bony spurs at the medial and lateral acetabular margins with a more subtle central spur, resembling a trident, the three-pronged spear of classical Greece 1.
The appearance has...
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